DOCUMENT 20

Reasonable and Necessary Supports Agency Quick summary: The Australian Government made laws about what we can fund under the NDIS. All supports need to meet the criteria in these laws before we can fund them in your plan. We call these the NDIS funding criteria. For example, supports need to be related to your disability, value for money, effective and beneficial, and most appropriately funded or provided by us. Each support must meet these criteria individually, but the supports must also meet the criteria when considered as a package. What’s on this page? This page covers:

• What supports can you get?

• What principles do we consider when we decide what supports to include in your plan?

• How do we decide what reasonable and necessary supports to include in your plan?

• Step 1: How do we identify and describe a support in your plan?

• Step 2: How do we work out if an identified and described support meets the NDIS funding criteria?

You may also be interested in:

• Mainstream Supports

• Creating Your Plan

The

• Reviewing Your Plan

• Reviews of Decisions

• Would we fund it? What supports can you get?
  When we create your plan with you, we’ll discuss what supports you need for your disability. We want to help you pursue your goals, increase your independence, and help you work, study and join social activities.

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What supports can you get outside the NDI

S?

Before we decide what reasonable and necessary supports to fund in your NDIS plan, we’ll first discuss what other supports may be available outside the NDIS. This is an important information-gathering step. For example, there may be mainstream, community and informal supports that suit you.

Mainstream supports are other government services such as employment, education, hhealth and family support services. They are often really helpful, and are available to everyone including people without disability. There are many ways they can help you learn new skills or live as independently as possible.

Community services offer a wide range of supports that may help with your disabili- ty support needs. Community supports are things open to everyone in the commu-nity, like sporting clubs, community colleges, activity groups, libraries or commun-ity gardens. They are often a great way to get involved in your local community, meet new people and learn new skills.

Informal supports, like your family, friends and other people you know in your com-munity, can sometimes be your best supports. They know you and can often help in ways other supports can’t.

Your planner, Local Area Coordinator or Early Childhood Partner will talk with you about what services are available for you outside the NDISS. We can also help link you with these supports, so you don’t have to do it all on your own.

Accessing these supports is a good way to work toward your goals. You get to do it with other people and be involved in your community. Using these supports is part of life for most of us. It’s important you get to access them the same as everyone else.

What are reasonable and necessary supports?

An NDIS support is the practical description of how you will be assisted under the NDIS.

Supports are the things we provide or fund to help to meet your disability support needs.

NDIS supports are the services, items and equipment we can fund or provide under the NDIS.

There are two types of NDIS supports. We call them ‘general supports’ and ‘reasonable and necessary supports’.\nGeneral supports\nGeneral supports are the coordination, strategic or referral services and activities we provide, or arrange to be provided, for you. They’re how we help you develop your NDIS plan and connect with supports and activities in your community. This includes your mainstream, community and informal supports. Learn more in Creating Your Plan.

Reasonable and necessary supports\nReasonable and necessary supports are the supports we fund in your plan to meet your disability support needs. You can use this funding to buy supports from service providers.

The Australian Government made laws about what we can fund under the NDIS. All supports we fund in a plan need to meet the criteria set out in these laws. We call these the NDIS funding criteria.

To meet the NDIS funding criteria, a support must meet both the following criteria:

• It must not be a type of support the law says we can’t fund or provide.
• It must meet the reasonable and necessary criteria.

We call supports that meet the NDIS funding criteria ‘reasonable and necessary supports’. Each individual reasonable and necessary support in your plan must meet the NDIS funding criteria. Your whole plan as a package of supports must also meet the NDIS funding criteria.

We check your overall plan to make sure all your supports make sense together. This means we check that your supports and the amount of supports will complement each other to help you fulfil an ordinary life.

If you need a new support

If you need a new support, which now means your overall package of supports doesn’t meet the NDIS funding criteria anymore, we may either:

• not include the new support in your plan
• include the new support in your plan, but also reduce the other supports in your plan.

For example, a home modification may reduce your need for other supports. If we plan to fund a home modification, we will need to take that home modification into account when considering what other supports are reasonable and necessary, such as the amount of care you need at home.

What principles do we consider when we decide what

supports to include in your plan?

As far as possible, we have to act according to principles set out in the law for the NDIS.$ These are the things that guide us when we make decisions about what we fund.

These principles don’t override or replace the NDIS funding criteria under the law for the NDIS. They can help us apply the funding criteria, by giving us additional guidance when we 1982 decide what supports to approve in your plan. Act

The principles include the following:

• You have the same right as other Australians to realise your potential for physical, social, emotional and intellectual development.12

• You should be supported to take part in and contribute to social and economic life as
  much as you can.13

• You should be supported to make choices about planning and how your supports will be delivered. This includes taking reasonable risks, so that you can pursue your Freedom goals.14 the

  • You have the same right as other Australians to decide your own best interests. You have the right to be an equal partner in decisions that affect your life to the full extent under of your ability.15

• Your privacy and dignity should be respected.16 released $ We must make sure the NDIS is financially sustainable.17 The principles also tell us that the reasonable and necessary supports we fund should:18 was

• support you to pursue your goals and maximise your independence

• Support you to live independently and to be included in the community as a fully participating citizen Agency - develop and support your capacity to do things that help you participate in the community and in employment.

Just because a support helps you do these things doesn’t mean we’ll fund it in your plan. All supports we fund need to meet all the NDIS funding criteria. Insurance

How do we think about an ordinary life when deciding what supports to include in your plan? Disability To help guide us in our decision making about reasonable and necessary supports, we took advice from the NDIS Independent Advisory Council. NationalThe Council represents people with disability and carers, bringing their own lived experience and expertise of disability. They give us advice on how the NDIS should work. The Council advised us that all Australians, including people with disability, should have an ‘ordinary life’. They also told us we should think about the idea of an ordinary life when we apply our principles and use the NDIS funding criteria. ActAn ordinary life is a life where you have the same opportunities as people without a disability. An ordinary life is one that is typical or usual for everyone in modern day Australia. It’s a life where you can pursue your potential and participate in society on an equal basis with others.

An ordinary life will be different for different people. We are all different, and come from Information different cultures and backgrounds. We each have our own values, experiences, beliefs and goals. But there are some common things that can improve the quality of our lives and help us participate equally. These are the things, such as the following, that make up an ordinary life: of

• Positive relationships – with families and informal support networks.

• Individual autonomy – being free and independent, and having the same opportunities as people without disability. under

• Active involvement in decision-making – including the ability to make meaningful decisions, and exercise choice and control. released

• Using your strengths in ways that provide a challenge and enjoyment. wass - A sense of belonging – to our families, friendship networks, communities, workplaces and society.

• Active involvement and contribution to society and your community.

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An ‘ordinary life’ in the context of the NDIS involves supporting you to:

• have and maintain good relationships
• belong and participate in your community
• be involved in making choices about your own life. One way we can help you have an ordinary life is to support you to access mainstream, community or informal supports wherever possible. These are the usual supports that everyone in the community uses. When we fund reasonable and necessary supports under the NDIS, we need to make sure they meet the NDIS funding criteria.

When we apply the NDIS funding criteria and make decisions about reasonable and necessary supports, we’re guided by the principles in the law for the NDIS. We also consider how the supports will best help you to live an ordinary life.

How do we decide what reasonable and necessary supports to include in your plan? What information do we consider to work out what reasonable and necessary supports to fund in your plan?

The most important information we gather about what supports to include in your plan comes from you. When we create your plan, we will talk with you about:

• your goals and aspirations19
• your strengths, capacity and individual circumstances20
• any barriers, limitations and restrictions you face in undertaking activities or things that stop you from living an ’ordinary life’21
• your disability support needs22
• any risks and safeguards we may need to think about when considering your support needs.23 We want to get a good understanding of your disability support needs. We encourage you to involve anyone in the planning process you want to help you. Learn more about what information we ask for when we create Your Plan.

How We Work Out Your Support Needs

Other Information Considered

We also consider other information we have such as medical or therapy reports, or assessments that you have had.

Agency We may also ask for further information and assessments, if we need them to help us work out your support needs.

To help us work out what supports to consider for people aged 7 years and older, we also use a ‘Typical Support Package’. We worked with people with disability, professionals and subject matter experts to develop the Typical Support Package.

It helps us work out the types of supports we’d usually expect to include in your plan. It’s based on your situation and support needs.

We then amend the supports suggested by the Typical Support Package to include more, less or different supports if we need to. We may adjust the funding for those supports up or down based on our discussion with you, any reports or other information we have, and when we apply the NDIS funding criteria.

For children younger than 7, we consider the child’s current functioning across development areas when we work out the reasonable and necessary supports that should be funded in a child’s NDIS plan. Learn more about the Early Childhood Early Intervention approach.

How do we consider your goals when we work out your reasonable and necessary supports?

When we create your plan, you set your goals and tell us what information about your life you want in your plan. Your goals are your own personal desires about what you’d like to do.

You can set any goals you like, even if they’re about things we won’t fund supports for. You can also change your goals at any time. We consider how your funded supports will help you pursue your goals when we decide to approve your plan.

Reasonable and necessary supports should help you pursue your goals, but you don’t need a specific goal for every support in your plan. When we decide if a support will help you pursue your goals, we consider your whole situation.

We look at the disability-specific barriers that prevent you from pursuing your goals, and how the support will address your disability support needs.

There are some things to remember when setting goals:

• Setting more and bigger goals doesn’t mean we’ll fund more and bigger funded supports.
• Setting a goal doesn’t mean we have an obligation to fund supports that help you pursue that goal.

• Setting a goal about an explicit type or amount of support you might want doesn’t mean we have an obligation to fund that support or in that amount.

AgencyThis is because helping you pursue your goals is only one of the NDIS funding criteria.31 A support must meet all of the NDIS funding criteria to be funded under the NDIS. So not all supports that help you to pursue your goals will be reasonable and necessary supports.Learn more about setting your goals and how we consider your goals under the NDIS Insurance funding criteria.

What if your plan is being reviewed?

If it’s not your first plan, we also consider how well the supports funded in your previous plans worked for you.32 This means we’ll ask about how your current plan has worked for you.

This will help us decide whether these supports continue to meet your needs and the NDIS the funding criteria. Learn more about plan reviews.

How do we use the information we have to work out what reasonable and 1982 necessary supports to fund?

We consider all the information we have gathered to decide what reasonable and necessary supports to fund in your plan.

We use the information you give us and follow the steps below:

• Step 1: Identify and describe the supports to be considered. The support will be described either generally (known as ‘flexible’ funding for supports) or specifically (known as ‘stated supports’ or ‘fixed’ supports).33

• Step 2: Work out if the support identified and described meets the NDIS funding Freedom criteria.

• Step 3: We include the supports that meet the NDIS funding criteria in your plan.

When we approve your plan we make sure all your supports meet the NDIS funding criteria under individually and as a package of supports.34

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Step 1: How do we identify and describe a support in

Agencyyour plan?

The first step in deciding what reasonable and necessary supports we can fund is to properly identify and describe the support. This is an important step. We need to be clear on exactlywhat support we’re considering, before we can decide if the support meets the NDIS funding Insurance criteria in Step 2.

When we assess your support needs and identify what supports to consider in your plan, weuse:

• the information you give us at your planning meeting

• any assessments or other information we have

• the Typical Support Package for people aged 7 years and older.

We identify a support as the service, item or equipment you need to help with your disability
support needs. We think about:

• what the outcome of the support will be

• how the support helps with your disability

• whether the support meets the NDIS funding criteria.

How do we describe supports? Information of

We can describe the supports in your plan as one of the following:

• Flexible: Under the law for the NDIS, this is when we describe the support generally. You have greater flexibility over what disability supports you can buy within the Freedom description of the support. the - Fixed: Under the law for the NDIS, this is when we describe the support specifically. It means you must buy the support in the way we have described in your plan. We sometimes call this a ‘stated support’. under

You must act according to your plan, and buy supports according to how we described them in your plan. This means you can’t use the funding in your plan to buy supports that fall releasedoutside the description of the support in your plan. So if we describe the support as fixed, you must comply with how we describe it. This was includes how the support is provided. For example, we will sometimes require the support to be provided:

• by a particular service provider document

• by a particular qualified person
• through a particular delivery mode or method, or in a special way.

Agency We describe most supports as flexible when we can. When supports are described as flexible, you will have greater flexibility over the support you can buy that falls within the description of the support in the plan. When supports are described as fixed, you will haveless flexibility.

Insurance

We divide your supports into 3 different budgets:

• Core Supports – supports for everyday activities
• Capacity Building Supports – supports to help you build your skills and increase your independence
• Capital Supports – supports such as assistive technology, vehicle modifications, homemodifications and Specialist Disability Accommodation.

National the Each budget is divided into a number of support categories. Support categories have more by detail about what supports you can buy with your funding. When we describe your supports 1982as flexible, you can usually choose what supports you buy within the descriptions for each support category.

Act Your Core Supports budget is the most flexible. You can usually use your funding across all the support categories except transport in the Core Supports budget if:

• we described the supports as flexible
• you have the same plan management options for your Core Supports.

Information of

Learn more about the support budgets and support categories in your plan.

When we decide whether to describe supports as fixed or flexible, we consider:

• how much the support costs40

• if the support will help reduce the cost of supports over time,41 for example providing more supports early so you don’t need as many supports later in life

• any risks with supplying the support, for example if the support would create risks to your health and safety or if it doesn’t comply with state or territory laws42

• if you need a particular support to pursue your goals or to use other supports in your plan effectively43

• if you need a specialist support, for example if your support must be delivered by a qualified person, or in a special way44

• if you were eligible for the NDIS under the early intervention criteria.45

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When do we describe supports as fixed?

We usually describe high-cost supports, or supports with more risk, as fixed. For example, Agency we might describe supports as fixed if you need to use those particular supports to ensure your health and safety. This includes supports such as:

• high-cost assistive technology Insurance

• high-cost home modifications

• behaviour support, or supports that involve restrictive practices such as restraint

• Specialist Disability Accommodation. Disability

We will also check if you were eligible for the NDIS through the early intervention criteria.46 If so, we might decide to describe the supports as fixed for some types of early interventionsupports.47 If you’re not sure whether you met the disability criteria or the early intervention criteria, check the letter we sent you when we decided you’re eligible. The byExample

John just received his first plan. His plan describes support for assistive technology as 1982 flexible, including $2,000 of funding. John can choose what assistive technology to buy with Actthis funding. John talks to his occupational therapist about what assistive technology he should buy with this funding. For example, he could buy a shower chair, or low-cost items like a slip-resistant bathmat.

John’s plan also has a fixed support for a wheelchair with special features, and funding of Information $8,000. John will need to use this funding for the specific wheelchair we listed on his plan. of He can’t use this funding for another support, like a shower chair, instead.

What if you need a specific provider to provide the support?Sometimes your plan may say who must provide the support. We do this when you need a Freedom certain provider to make sure the supports are delivered safely, or to achieve a certain thelayout outcome. For some supports, you must use an NDIS registered provider. These include: under

• Specialist Behaviour Supports, if the provider will undertake a behaviour support assessment or develop a behaviour support plan48 released - supports where it’s likely a provider will need to use a regulated restricted practice,49 either interim or ongoing was
• Plan Management50

document

• Specialist Disability Accommodation.51

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Agency

You must use registered providers for these supports even if your plan doesn’t say you need to. You must also use registered providers for these supports, even if you self-manage orplan-manage your funding. Learn more about the different plan management options.

For other supports, we’ll decide that the support must be provided by a particular person, provider, or delivered in a certain way.52 We’ll do this if it’s the most efficient and effective way to provide the support. This only happens when:

• we have an agreement with a particular provider to provide the support53

• we decide you must use an NDIS registered provider due to the risks, for example complex home modifications54

• you need support from a particular person with specialist qualifications, for example a health professional55

• you need support delivered in a certain way.56

Sometimes, we’ll arrange the support ourselves, if it’s more cost effective than getting another provider to deliver the support. For example, we may bulk buy a support.57 If so, we will state this in your plan.

What about in-kind supports?

We agreed that state and territory governments will keep providing some supports for a period of time. We call these ‘in-kind supports’.

If we fund in-kind supports like specialist school transport or personal care in schools, you need to use state or territory government providers for these supports. These supports are most efficiently and effectively provided by state and territory government providers.58 Learn more about Work and study supports.

For most other in-kind supports, you can choose your provider if you don’t want to use your in-kind provider anymore. We can let you choose another provider if we consider that the support isn’t most effectively and efficiently provided by the in-kind provider.

We usually let you choose another provider if:

• another provider can give you the same support or level of support as the in-kind provider

• the supports with the new provider still meet the NDIS funding criteria, including
  than the in-kind support was

• there are no serious risks with changing providers.

Learn more about in-kind supports.

Step 2: How do we work out if an identified and described

support meets the NDIS funding criteria?

Agency

To meet the NDIS funding criteria, a support must meet both the following criteria:

• It must not be a type of support the law says we can’t fund or provide. Insurance
• It must meet the reasonable and necessary criteria. Disability Each support must be reasonable and necessary individually, but the supports must also be reasonable and necessary when considered as a package of supports. National What types of supports can’t be funded or provided under the NDIS? The by under the Act of Freedom the to released was relevant Australian Standards

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While this is one of the NDIS funding criteria, we’re not responsible for ensuring your

supports are legal.

We’re not responsible to ensure that all supports in your plan comply withall the relevant legal and administrative requirements. This is your responsibility and your Agency provider’s responsibility.

For example, if a support is likely to require the use of a restrictive practice, the provider must be registered with the NDS Quality and Safeguards Commission.69 It’s the provider’s Insurance responsibility to ensure they are registered and comply with the conditions of their registration. This includes complying with all laws and seeking the necessary authorisations.70 Disability

We’re not responsible for ensuring the provider is registered and complies with their conditions of registration. You can contact the NDIS Quality and Safegards Commission if you’re concerned about a provider’s compliance with legal obligations. National Is the support ‘income replacement’? the

We don’t fund income support or income replacement.71 This means NDIS funding can’t by replace or add to money you’d usually earn from working, or income payments you get from centrelink. 1982

For more information and resources on income support, check out income support payments Act such as the Disability Support Pension.

If you are interested in getting help to find a job, check out Disability Employment Services or NDIS-funded Work and study supports. Information

Is the support likely to cause harm? of

We can’t fund any supports that are likely to either:72

• cause harm to you Freedom - be a risk to other people. the

We need to consider this for all supports, such as support workers, therapies or equipment. It also means we won’t fund supports that involve a regulated restricted practice, such as underrestraint, unless it follows the requirements of the NDS Quality and Safeguards Commission.

To help us decide if the support is likely to cause harm, we may need information from a releasedprofessional. For example, you may need high cost assistive technology, like a powered wheelchair. If so, we would need a report from an occupational therapist to show that it’ll be was safe for you to use. document

Of course everything we do in life comes with some risk. We all make our own choices about how much risk we want to take in our lives. You should also be able to choose how muchrisk you want to take in your life.

Agency

So we try to balance this when we decide what we can and can’t fund. We can’t fund things that are likely to cause harm. But we will try and balance this with enabling you to make your own choices wherever possible.

Insurance While this is one of the NDIS funding criteria, you also have some responsibilities. It’s still your responsibility and your provider’s responsibility to ensure the supports we fund are:

• used correctly

Disability

• safe for you

• safe for other people.

National You and your provider will also need to manage any risks of harm that arise. For more
The information, contact the NDIS Quality and Safeguards Commission.

Is the support related to your disability? We can’t fund a support if it’s not related to your disability.73 This means there must be a direct link or a connection between your disability and the supports we fund.

Act

We look at whether the support addresses your disability support needs. Your disability support needs are those that arise from, or are caused by, your disability.

For example, we wouldn’t usually fund things like:

• standard televisions
  of

• standard household furniture such as dining chairs

• upgrades to assistive technology and home modifications that are not related to Freedom disability needs, such as marble tiling or leather materials the

• flights to go on a holiday

• a car to get to work because there are no public transport options under

• a gym membership to get fit

• a swimming pool to relax in summer. This is because you’re unlikely to need these supports as a result of your disability support wasneeds. They are things that all people, with or without disability, might want or need. Usually, there won’t be a direct link or connection between these things and your disability support needs. Having a disability doesn’t usually affect whether someone needs or wants these types of things.

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Example

Alan needs some changes to his house, so he can use his bathroom and kitchen in his wheelchair. He also wants to set up an outdoor entertainment area for when his friends visit.

We may be able to fund home modifications so he can access areas of his home such as his bathroom or kitchen. He needs the home modifications because he can’t access those areas due to his disability and needing to use a wheelchair. Alan needs the support because of his specific disability support needs.

Alan will need to pay for the outdoor entertainment area, as it’s not related to his disability. He doesn’t need the entertainment area because of his disability, it’s just something he would like so he can have his friends over for a barbecue.

Is the support related to a ‘day-to-day living cost’?

We can’t fund supports related to day-to-day living costs that everyone has to pay, and aren’t caused by or result from your disability support needs. This means we don’t fund things like:

• rent
• groceries
• utilities such as electricity, water, gas and internet bills
• the general cost of owning a home, like renovations, mortgage repayments, repairs and maintenance.

In some situations, we can fund supports related to your day-to-day living costs. We can do this if the costs are attributable to, or caused by, your disability support needs. This means we may fund supports that relate to day-to-day living costs where either:

• you have additional living costs that are solely and directly as a result of your disability support needs
• the living costs are connected to another support that is funded or provided in your plan, and you wouldn’t incur that cost if it wasn’t in your plan.

Example

Nigel has a goal to do his grocery shopping on his own. He needs a shopping basket to attach to his wheelchair to help him carry the items in the supermarket. Shopping bags and baskets are things we all pay for, whether or not we have a disability. But Nigel only needs this specialised basket for his wheelchair because of his disability support needs.

If it meets the other NDIS funding criteria, we may fund the shopping basket attachment in his plan.

AgencyDoes the support duplicate other supports funded through the NDIS?

We can’t fund a support if it duplicates other supports delivered under alternative funding through the NDIS.78

InsuranceFor example, if we’re providing support through your Early Childhood Partner or Local Area Coordinator, we usually won’t fund Support Coordination in your plan.

This is because your Early Childhood Partner or Local Area Coordinator is already funded to Disabilityprovide similar supports. If we funded the same Support Coordination, we would be duplicating a support we’re already providing you as general supports.

However if you need extra support, we may be able to fund additional Support Coordination Nationalin your plan. We may do this if it’s above the amount of support your Early Childhood Partner theor Local Area Coordinator are able to provide. Your Early Childhood Partner or Local Areacoordinator will work together with the Support Coordinator to help you connect withsupports in your community. 1982 Act Does the support meet the reasonable and necessary criteria? Informationof All NDIS supports need to meet all the reasonable and necessary criteria.79

This means that before we can include an NDIS support in your plan, we need to be satisfiedit meets all the following criteria:

• The support will assist you to pursue your goals in your plan.80
• The support will assist you to undertake activities, to facilitate your social and economic participation.81 This means the support will help you to undertake activities, by reducing the disability-related barriers that prevent you from participating in things such as social outings, recreation, work and study. The support represents value for money in that the costs of the support arereasonable relative to both the benefits achieved and the cost of alternative supports.82 This means we need to consider the costs and benefits of the support, as well as the costs and benefits of alternative supports.- The support will be, or is likely to be, effective and beneficial for you, having regard to current good practice.83 This means we consider if there is evidence the support works for someone with similar disability support needs. We won’t need an expert report for every support, as we can often rely on other information or evidence. For example, we may have information already about whether the support is widely document

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Reasonable and Necessary Supports

accepted to suit someone with your disability support needs.84 We also consider your lived experience.

Agency  The funding of the support takes account of what it is reasonable to expect families, carers, informal networks and the community to provide.85 This means we need to evaluate what support is reasonable for your family, friends and community to provide.

Insurance  The support is most appropriately funded or provided through the NDIS, and is not more appropriately funded or provided through:86 - other general systems of service delivery, or support services offered by a person, Disability agency or body (for example, a State or Territory Statutory Scheme)

• systems of service delivery or support services offered as part of a universal National service obligation (for example, the health or education system) the - systems of service delivery or support services offered in accordance with by reasonable adjustments required under discrimination laws (for example, your employer, or the health or education system). 1982 The law for the NDIS sets out things that we need to consider when we apply the reasonable Actand necessary criteria.87

We must be satisfied that each support is reasonable and necessary individually, but we must also be satisfied that the supports are reasonable and necessary as a package of supports.88

For example, a home modification may reduce your need for other supports. If we plan to
fund a home modification, we will need to take that home modification into account when considering what other supports are reasonable and necessary, such as the amount of care you need at home.

If the home modification will reduce your care needs, we may need to reduce the amount of
care we fund, as a higher amount may not be reasonable and necessary when the whole package of supports is considered.

Does the support help you pursue your goals?

We need to be satisfied that the support will help you pursue the goals, objectives andaspirations in your NDIS plan.89 This helps us determine if the support is necessary.90
While we only fund supports that help you pursue your goals, objectives and aspirations, we was understand that different people express themselves in different ways.

You are free to choose your own goals and express them in your own words.

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Your Goals

Your goals can be big or small, short term or long term, simple or complex. They can be about anything you want to work towards.

AgencyYou may express your goals broadly, or you may have specific goals. For example, you may express one of your goals as ‘living independently’. Someone else may express their goal as ‘to have an accessible bathroom’. Learn more about setting your goals in Creating Your Plan and the Setting Goals fact sheet.

Insurance

Reasonable and necessary supports should help you pursue your goals, but you don’t need a specific goal for every support in your plan. When we decide if a support will help you pursue your goals, we consider your whole situation.

Disability

We look at how a support will address your disability support needs, and the disability-specific barriers that prevent you from pursuing your goals.

National A support that addresses your disability-related support needs is most likely to help you pursue your goals, objectives and aspirations in your plan. by Setting a goal in your plan doesn’t mean we’ll provide funding to pursue it. For example:

• setting more and bigger goals doesn’t mean we have an obligation to fund more and bigger funded supports in your plan
• setting a goal doesn’t mean we have an obligation to fund supports that help you pursue that goal
• setting a goal about an explicit type or amount of support you might want doesn’t mean we’ll fund that support or in that amount.

This is because helping you pursue your goals is only one of the NDIS funding criteria. A support must meet all of the NDIS funding criteria to be funded under the NDIS. So not all supports that help you to pursue your goals will be reasonable and necessary supports.

For example, we only fund reasonable and necessary supports that are value for money, effective and beneficial and relate to disability support needs.

This means that if your goal is to ‘live independently’, we may fund home modifications that address your disability related needs. However, we won’t fund supports related to day-to-day-living costs like rent or utilities. These costs aren’t incurred solely and directly as a result of your disability support needs, so they don’t meet other funding criteria.

Also, choosing a different goal ‘to have a more accessible home’ won’t change the supports we could fund in your plan.

Achieving goals usually takes many different kinds of supports. NDIS supports will most likely be just one kind of support that helps you work toward your goals.Learn more about setting goals.

Example

Morgan is ready to look for work and she has a goal in her plan to get a job. She has built up Agencyher skills and knows what she wants to do. Disability Employment Services are helping Morgan to find work, so we can’t fund this support for Morgan.

However, because of her disability, Morgan will need personal care supports to help her getup and ready for work in the morning. We will consider:

• how Morgan’s disability support needs relate to her goals
• whether funding supports that address these disability support needs will help Morgan pursue her goals.

Morgan’s planner believes the personal care supports meet this criteria. The supports that address her personal care needs will help Morgan to pursue her employment goals.

However, Morgan’s planner then needs to look at whether the support meets the other NDIS funding criteria. We don’t fund all the supports that relate to Morgan’s employment goals. We only fund the supports we consider are reasonable and necessary – that is, when they meet all the NDIS funding criteria.

Does the support help you do activities that will help your social and economic participation?

We need to be satisfied that the support will help you to do activities, which make it easier for you to participate socially and economically.96

Social participation means doing things you enjoy, like going out with friends, playing sport or going on holiday. It also means doing the things you need to do, like going to school or medical appointments.

Economic participation usually means being involved in things that help you work towards getting and keeping a job. This might be things like volunteering, study, learning new skills or trying work experience. Research tells us that work can lead to health benefits and improve our quality of life. Learn more about the Health Benefits of Good Work.

Social and economic participation are important to most people. They are critical to living an ordinary life.

To work out if a support meets this requirement, we look at the purpose of the support and how it will help you.

We fund reasonable and necessary supports that reduce the barriers that prevent you from undertaking activities. This will help you increase your social and economic participation.

Value For Money

Some supports help economic and social participation directly. There are lots of supports we can fund to directly help with social and economic participation. Learn more about Social andrecreation supports and Work and study supports.

Agency

Other supports help you to undertake activities like self-care, which indirectly help your economic and social participation.Example

Insurance

Sue is going to university next year. She has a vision impairment, and has been working with her Guide Dog Mobility Instructor to decide if a dog guide is right for her. A dog guide canhelp her leave her home safely and independently, and travel to and from university.

Disability

A dog guide could also help her go out with friends and join in other community activities. As long as it meets the other funding criteria, we could fund a dog guide for Sue. It will help her

Nationalto undertake activities of daily living.

theAs a result, it’ll increase her social and economic participation. For example, the support will byhelp her get to her university so she can study, and will help her social life.

Is the support value for money?

All supports we fund under the NDIS need to be value for money.97 This means the cost of Act the support is reasonable, when we consider the benefits of the support and the cost of other supports.

Making sure that your supports are value for money is one of the ways we keep the NDISfinancially sustainable. This means we make careful decisions about funding so that we Information of make sure the NDIS exists for future generations. It’s also one of our principles.98

When we decide if the support is value for money, we consider:

• if other supports would achieve the same result at a substantially lower cost99 – this Freedom means there should be a real or material difference in cost the

• if there’s evidence that the support will substantially improve your life stage outcomes and benefit you in the long term100 under

• if the support will likely reduce the cost of other supports over time101

• how the cost compares to other supports of the same kind in your area102 released - if the support will make you more independent, and mean you won’t need as many supports in future,103 for example, in some circumstances home modifications may was reduce the need for home care.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        document
  

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When We Consider Cost

When we consider the likely cost of supports, we consider the cost over the long term. We consider if the support will help you to achieve milestones at different ages or stages of your life, and have long-term benefits.

For example, some supports such as home modifications may be expensive now, compared to other supports. But getting these supports now may mean you need much less support in a few years, or later in life. Or, it may delay the need for other more costly supports.

Is the support effective and beneficial?

We need to be satisfied that the support will be, or is likely to be, effective and beneficial, Agencywhen we consider current good practice.

We need to work out if the support is likely to be both:

• effective – it will do what you need it to do106 Insurance
• beneficial – the support will help you do things you can’t otherwise do and meets your support needs.107

It can also be effective and beneficial if it will help you maintain your current level of Disability functioning. That is, it will help you keep doing the things you can currently do. And, it’ll help you maintain your work, study and social life as much as you can.108When we decide if a support is effective and beneficial, we look at what is current good National practice. This means we look at whether there is evidence that the support works for
theperson with similar disability support needs to you. We won’t need an expert opinion or by report for every support, as we can often rely on other evidence. For example: 1982 Act

• We may have information already about whether the support is widely accepted to suit someone with your disability support needs.109 For example, we could rely on academic research and other literature. This could include university studies on therapies that have been published and refereed in academic journals, evidence based practice resources, or clinical practice guidelines. Information of

• If you or other participants have used the support before, we can consider your
  

group experience using the support and the experience of your family members and carers.110 Freedom

• We may consider things we have learnt from other participants in the NDIS with similar support needs to you.111

We know you’re the expert in your own life, and we use your own experience as much as we undercan.

For example, we will talk to you about any supports that have helped you do things you can’t otherwise do. Or, some supports may have helped maintain your ability to be as independent released as possible.

wasIf it’s a new support such as new assistive technology, we might fund a trial. This is so we can learn from your experience of using the support, to check if it’s likely to do what you need it to. document

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Your evidence can be particularly useful when it’s consistent with other evidence, or if we don’t have expert evidence.

AgencyWe will look at the opinions held by the majority of experts and what they generally agree on.112 Sometimes we will have to seek expert opinion or report to make a decision.113

For example, we may need the views of doctors or health professionals who may bespecialists in managing your disability.

Insurance

Example

Vivek is 12 and has a goal to improve his communication skills. He and his family want him to improve his social skills with the kids in his class.

When he was younger, Vivek’s family tried speech therapy, and believe it really helped him improve his communication. His family told his planner about how it helped Vivek learn how to respond to different social settings.

Vivek’s speech therapist also believes it could work well for him now, and help him interact with his classmates.

When deciding whether the therapy is effective and beneficial, Vivek’s planner will consider:

• how speech therapy has assisted Vivek in the past, including first-hand information from Vivek, his family members and carers

• the views of his speech therapist on the effectiveness and benefits of speech therapy for Vivek

• other information or expert evidence about the effectiveness and benefits of speech therapy, including for a child of the same age, and with the same impairments and functional capacity.

Based on this information and evidence, Vivek’s planner decides the speech therapy is effective and beneficial. If it meets the other funding criteria, we will be able to fund speech therapy in Vivek’s plan.

Is the support something we would reasonably expect your informal supports, like family or friends, to provide?

We need to be satisfied that funding the support takes into account what is reasonable to expect families, carers, informal networks and the community to provide.114 To make sure we understand how disability supports might work for you, we consider:

• the things you’re able to do for yourself

• any support you have from others in your network – including family members, relatives, friends and local community services.

When we fund supports under the NDIS

When we fund supports under the NDIS, we have to think about whether it’s reasonable to expect your informal supports to provide that support. We can’t fund supports that an ordinary person would think is reasonable to expect friends, family or the community to Agency provide for you.

Informal supports are the help and support you get from friends, family and the community. They are called ‘informal’ because you don’t pay for them, and they’re not part of a formal agreement. They are the usual things friends and family do for us, and with us.

Most of us get some kind of help and support from friends and family. In our society, we expect that friends, family and our community will support each other and help each other out when they need it.

A good example is families who have young children. In our community, we expect families will provide most of the support a young child needs. They will change a child’s nappy, make sure they are safe and drive them around places. Grandparents, uncles and aunties often have a role to play in supporting young children as well. Neighbours and friends might also help care for the child.

As a child gets older, our society’s expectations of the role of the family and community in caring for the child changes. For example, we expect schools to help support the child’s learning needs.

We also usually expect the role of family in providing personal care for a child would reduce as they get older and develop new skills and independence. But families are usually still responsible for things like food, emotional support, decision-making and providing a safe home.

It’s a similar idea for adults. Our society expects that adults – like family, friends and neighbours – will provide some support to each other. This might be things like taking a friend with you to the football game, or providing emotional support if someone is upset.

The NDIS supports won’t ever replace the support people like your friends and family provide to you. This support is given freely because people care, and is often quite different from supports bought with NDIS funding.

You have a special bond with your friends and family that’s different from your relationship with paid carers. And there are potential risks and problems for you if your friends and families become your paid carers.

To make sure we understand how disability supports might complement your circumstances, we consider:

• The things you are able to do for yourself

any support you have from others in your network including family members, relatives, friends and local community services.

AgencyWe also have to consider the benefits you may get from your informal supports. For example, your family and friends may be more effective at helping you meet other people, or helping to build your social skills, than paid supports can.We consider if we can help these relationships so that you get the support you need.117 For Insurance example, we may be able to fund training for your informal supports, so they can help you build your skills.We also think about the capacity of your informal supports to continue caring for you, for Disability example if they’re ageing or sick.

There are different things the law for the NDIS says we need to consider for adults and Nationalchildren. theIf you’re under 18, we consider what support is reasonable to expect parents to provide at your age. It’s normal for parents to provide substantial care and support for children.118 We consider that it’s usual for parents to provide almost all the care and support that young 1982children need. ActFor example, it’s reasonable to expect parents to provide transport to and from their child’s after-school activities. Of course, the amount of care and support for a child without a disability would typically reduce as they get older.

For children under 18, we consider: Information  if your needs are ‘substantially greater’ because of your disability, compared to other of children the same age119 – that is, you need much more disability support

 any risks to the wellbeing of people providing informal support to you120 Freedom  if including funding for the support will help build your skills and capacity in the future, or reduce any risks to you.121 the

For example, we consider any health, safety or other impacts resulting from what’s involved underin meeting your disability support needs.

If you’re over 18, we consider:  if there are any risks to you or your informal supports if you rely on them to provide released the support you need122 was  how much your informal supports would help improve or reduce your independence and other outcomes123 document

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Reasonable and Necessary Supports

We also consider the suitability of informal supports to provide the supports you need, including:

Agency • how old your carers are and their capacity to provide the support

• if other family members and the community can help your informal supports in their caring role

Insurance

• the intensity and type of support you need, and if it’s appropriate for your informal supports to provide this, based on their age and gender

Disability

• any long-term risks to the wellbeing of your informal supports.

When we consider the risks for people over 18, we consider if the supports are sustainable for your informal supports. We consider the health, safety and other impacts on family and carers in the long term.

National For example, we wouldn’t expect a child to have their schooling affected because they need the to provide care. We also wouldn’t expect an elderly parent to be responsible for physical activities, if it may result in injury.

We generally don’t fund family members to provide supports funded under the NDIS. There are very limited situations where we can consider this. Learn more about Sustaining Informal Supports.

Example 1

Simon is getting his first NDIS plan. For the last 15 years, Simon and his wife Jan’s preference was that Jan provide all the physical support he needs at home, such as toileting and showering.

But as Jan is getting older, it’s not safe for her to keep lifting Simon. It’s becoming risky for her to keep providing this support.

Jan and Simon think it might be best for someone else to provide the personal care support that Simon needs. Their children have moved out of home, and it’s not reasonable to expect them to help Simon with personal care.

Based on this information and other evidence, Simon’s planner decides that the personal care support meets this criteria. It takes into account what is reasonable for his family and others to provide. If the personal care support meets the other funding criteria, we may fund the personal care support for Simon.

Simon and Jan still prefer Jan to do the other support Simon needs though, such as helping Simon eat his meals. At this time, we wouldn’t fund a support worker in Simon’s plan to help him eat his meals. It’s reasonable to expect Jan to help Simon with this, as it’s what they want to do and it’s not a safety risk for Jan.

Example 2

Qing is 14 and wants to join a local footy club. Like most 14 year olds in this situation, she Agencyneeds someone to drop her off and pick her up from the Saturday matches and the weeknight training sessions.

But unlike most 14 year olds, she needs someone to help her get dressed before she can goto the match. Her parents have been doing this, but as Qing is getting older she no longer Insurance wants her family to help her get dressed.

It’s reasonable to expect her family or other informal supports to drop Qing to and from thematch and training sessions. So we wouldn’t fund transport in Qing’s plan.

Disability

But at age 14, it’s not reasonable to expect her family to help her get dressed.

Based on this information and other evidence, Qing’s planner finds that the personal care support takes into account what is reasonable for family and others to provide. If it meets the other funding criteria, we may fund personal care support in her plan.

by Is the support more appropriately funded or provided through the NDIS, and not through other service systems or support services?

We have to be satisfied that the support is most appropriately funded or provided through the Act NDIS. This means it’s not more appropriately funded or provided through:

• other general systems of service delivery, or support services offered by a person, agency or body (such as a State or Territory Statutory Scheme)

• systems of service delivery or support services offered as part of a universal service obligation (such as the health or education system) of

• systems of service delivery or support services offered in accordance with reasonable adjustments required under discrimination laws (such as your employer, or the health Freedom or education system).130 theIn short, we won’t fund the support if it should be provided by someone else.

We won’t fund the support if the support should be provided by someone else, even if the under other service system doesn’t actually provide it. We’re not the funder of last resort, so we don’t make up for other organisations and systems that don’t provide the supports they should.

The law for the NDIS sets out a number of things we need to consider, when we decide who is most appropriate to fund or provide of the support.131 There are different things we was consider for the following service systems:

(a) Health (b) Mental health document

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(c) Child protection and family support (d) Early childhood development Agency (e) School education (f) Higher education and vocational education and training g) Employment Insurance (h) Housing and community infrastructure (i) Transport Disability (j) Justice. How does the NDIS work with other government services?We call supports provided by other government services, including those provided as part of National a universal service obligation, ‘mainstream supports’. When we talk about mainstream supports, we mean supports available to everyone in your state or territory, or across Australia, regardless of whether or not you have a disability. This includes services provided by state and federal governments, like health care, education and mental health services. You have the same right as all Australians to access these services. There are certain things that mainstream services have to do to make their services accessible for people with disability. Using mainstream supports can also help you be part of your community, or towork or study. Information ofWhen we fund NDIS supports, we need to check that the support is not more appropriately funded or provided by a mainstream service or system, such as the education system or health system.132 Under the law for the NDIS, we can’t fund supports that should be providedby a mainstream service. Freedom The Australian federal, state and territory governments agreed on responsibilities for funding different types of supports. The law for the NDIS has an outline of funding responsibilities and were developed with the agreement of each State and Territory.133 We can only fund supports that are the responsibility of the NDIS. We can’t fund supports that are the responsibility of other government services, even if they don’t actually fund or provide the support. The law for the NDIS sets out the matters we should consider when we decide who is more appropriate to provide or fund a support.134 Learn more about how we decide if the support is best funded or provided by us or another part of government. document 28 March 2021 Reasonable and Necessary Supports Page 29 of 36 This Always visit ndis.gov.au for the latest version.Page 775 of 910

The Applied Principles and Tables of Support also has information on what the governments agreed are the responsibilities of the NDIS and other government services.

However, itdoesn’t override what we consider when we decide if the support is most appropriately Agency funded by the NDIS.135

What is reasonable adjustment and why is it important?

People with a disability can sometimes face barriers that make it harder to do the same Insurance things as people who don’t have a disability. For example, it might be harder to find and keep a job. Or it might be harder to get in and around places, or to get the same services as other people.

Disability It’s against the law to discriminate against people with a disability in many areas.136 This includes in employment, when providing goods and services, and when accessing publicplaces. National This means organisations or people who are responsible for providing these services have to the make what are called ‘reasonable adjustments’. They have to make sure people with a disability have equal access to the services they provide, as far as is reasonable. The Act by They have to do reasonable things that will make their services equally available to everyone, whether or not you have a disability. Information of When we decide what supports to include in your plan, we need to consider what should be provided through reasonable adjustments. Under the law for the NDIS, we can’t fund a support if it should be provided by someone else through reasonable adjustments. Freedom What if you’re transitioning to the NDIS in Western Australia? thel The federal and Western Australian governments made a commitment for people receiving supports before becoming a participant in the NDIS. under

They committed that you shouldn’t be disadvantaged by your transition to the NDIS. We call this the ‘principle of no disadvantage’. released When we create your plan, we must use our best endeavours to follow government agreements.137 This doesn’t mean you’ll always have the same level of funding, or that you’ll get supports in the same way. was All supports we fund must meet all the NDIS funding criteria. So we may not be able to fund supports you received before the NDIS, if they don’t meet the funding criteria. document

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If we can’t fund those supports

If we can’t fund those supports, we’ll see how we can help you meet the same outcomes as you did before the NDIS.

AgencyThis may mean we include other supports in your plan that address your disability support needs and help you pursue your goals. Or, we could help you connect with other government services that can provide the supports you received before the NDIS. When we create your plan, we consider whether or not you’re disadvantaged overall by joining the NDIS.

What else do you need to know about working out if supports meet the NDIS funding criteria?

From our experience, we learned there are some common misunderstandings about how we work out what supports meet the NDIS funding criteria.

Why don’t we always fund what your health professionals recommend?

Although we take expert opinions into account, we can’t and don’t always fund everything your health professional might recommend. This is because every support we fund needs to meet all the NDIS funding criteria. For example, your therapist might recommend a piece of equipment on the basis that it will be ‘effective and beneficial’ for you. But if there is something cheaper that will achieve the same outcome, we won’t be able to fund what the therapist recommended.

This is because it won’t be value for money. We may be able to fund the cheaper option instead if it meets all the NDIS funding criteria.

Why don’t we fund the same supports as your last plan?

We might fund different supports in your next plan. This is because we will fund supports in your plan based on how we use the NDIS funding criteria at that point in time. Your needs and situation will most likely change over time. This means it’s likely your NDIS supports and funding for those supports will change over time.

For example, we may have funded supports to help you build your skills in a particular area. Once you have built those skills, you won’t need funding for that any more. So, we probably won’t include that funding for those supports in your next plan. Supports to build your skills may have met the NDIS funding criteria before, but the same supports might not meet the criteria in future. Or, your disability support needs might increase or decrease over time. This may mean we consider funding more or less supports as a result.

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What happens if you don’t use all your funding in your NDIS plan?

We will consider how you have used your NDIS funding to help us work out what supports Agencymeet the NDIS funding criteria in your next plans.

If you haven’t used all the funding by the end of your plan, it doesn’t mean we’ll reduce the funding in your next plan. There may be very good reasons why you weren’t able to buy thesupports we funded.

When we review your plan, we’ll talk about any problems you had buying the supports funded in your plan. We’ll also see how we can help you use your funding if we need to.

But if you consistently don’t buy all the supports we fund and use all of your NDIS funding, we need to think about whether the supports really do meet the NDIS funding criteria. For example, they may not be ‘effective and beneficial’ for you if you’re not actually using them.

National

We will talk to you about this when we review your plan.

theLearn more about plan reviews. by Step 3: How do we include the reasonable and necessary 1982 supports in your plan? Act Once we’ve identified the supports, and decided they meet the NDIS funding criteria, we can include the description and funding for the support in your plan.

If the support doesn’t meet the NDIS funding criteria, we can’t include the support in yourplan. We may consider if a differently described support meets the NDIS funding criteria instead.

Informationplan. When we approve your plan we will also make sure all your supports are reasonable and necessary when considered as a package of supports.138

Freedom Sometimes you might not need any supports under the NDIS. For example, your informal supports may meet all your disability support needs. If so, we’ll approve a plan with no funded supports.

under Learn more about how we create and approve your plan.

Learn more about using the funding in your plan.

releasedWhat happens if we don’t include the supports you want? wassIf we decide a support doesn’t meet the NDIS funding criteria, we can’t include the support inyour plan. Also, if the amount of support you want doesn’t meet the criteria, we can’t include that amount in your plan. document

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But, we’re committed to our principles and helping you live an ordinary life.

Even if we can’t fund a particular support we may still be able to help.

AgencyIf the support doesn’t meet the NDIS funding criteria, we can consider if a different support meets the NDIS funding criteria. We might be able to consider describing the support differently, or funding a different type of support.Or, we may be able to connect you to mainstream or community supports that can help.

InsuranceMainstream and community supports are available to everyone. They can be a good way to connect with your local community, learn new skills and gain independence.There are lots of ways we might be able to help, so talk to us if you’re in this situation. We Disabilitycan do this at any time. We may be able to help before we approve your plan.

We can also give you reasons for our decision to approve your plan. We can put these Nationalreasons in writing. You can always contact us.

theIf you don’t agree with the supports we approve in your plan, you can also request an internal review of our decision. Learn more about internal and external review of decisions.

1982Reference list Act

• 1 McGarrigle v National Disability Insurance Agency (2017) 252 FCR 121 at [88].
• 2 NDIS Act ss 33(2)(a), 33(2)(b), 33(5)(c), 34.
• 3 NDIS Act ss 13, 33(2)(a).
• 4 NDIS Act ss 33(2)(b), 34.
• 5 NDIS Act and delegated legislation made under the NDIS Act, especially NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules and NDIS (Plan Management) Rules.
• 6 of NDIS Act ss 33(2)(b), 34; NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules.
• 7 NDIS Act ss 33(5)(d), 35(1)(b); NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 5.3.
• 8 NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules pt 5.
• 9 NDIS Act s 34(1).
• 10 NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 2.4; NDIS Act s 33(5)(c).11
• Freedom NDIS Act ss 4, 31.
• 12 NDIS Act s 4(1).
• 13 NDIS Act s 4(2).
• 14 NDIS Act s 4(4).
• 15 NDIS Act s 4(8).16
• under NDIS Act s 4(10).
• 17 NDIS Act s 4(17).
• 18 NDIS Act s 4(11).
• 19 NDIS Act s 33(5)(a); NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 4.1(a).20 NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 4.1(a).
• Information of NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 4.1(b).
• 22 NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules rr 4.1(b), (d).23 was NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 4.1(c).
• 24 NDIS Act s 33(5)(b).
• 25 NDIS Act ss 36, 50.
• 26 NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules rr 4.2-4.6.
• 27 NDIS Act s 33(1).28 NDIS Act s 47(1). document

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Reasonable and Necessary Supports

Document Information

Date: 28 March 2021 Page Number: Page 34 of 36

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Legal References Table

Page Information

Page 780 of 910

Freedom

of\nInformation\nAct "1982"

released\nunder\nThe\nNDIS\nAct\ns"34(1)(e).\n

Information\nof\ndocument\nwas\nreleased\non\n28\rMarch\r2021\r-\rReasonable\rand\rNecessary\rSupports\rPage\r35\rof\r36\rThis\rAlways\rvist\rndis.gov.au\rfon\rthe\rlatest\version\rPage\r781\rof\r910\r

Agency: Insurance Disability National NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules pts 3, 4.

Insurance: Disability National NDIS Act s 34(1)(a).

Disability: National NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 3.1(a). NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 3.1(b). NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 3.1(c). NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 3.1(e). NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 3.1(f). the NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 3.1(c). by NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 3.1(d).

NDIS (Supports for Participants): Rules rr 3.2(a), (b), (c); Rule 3.3; and Schedule 1 of these rules are relevant to this matter in accordance with section 56A of FOI Act 1982 as amended from time-to-time.

• 85: NDIS Act s 34(1)(e)
• 86: NDIS Act s 34(1)(f)
• 87: NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules pts 3, 4.
• 88: NDIS Act s 33(5)(c).
• 89: NDIS Act s 34(1)(a).
• 90: McGarrigle v National Disability Insurance Agency [2017] FCR 121 at [91].
• 91: NDIS Act s 34(1)(a).
• 92: NDIS Act s 34(1)(c).
• 93: NDIS Act s 34(1)(d).
• 94: NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 5.1(b).
• 95: NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 5.1(d).
• 96: NDIS Act s 34(1)(b).
• 97: NDIS Act s 34(1)(c).

NDIS (Supports for Participants): Rule 3.1(a), (b), and Schedule 1 of these rules are relevant to this matter in accordance with section 56A of FOI Act 1982 as amended from time-to-time.

• 98: NDIS Act ss 3(3)(b), 4(17)(b)
• 99: NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 3.1(a)
• 100: NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 3.1(b)
• 101: NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 3.1(c)
• 102: NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 3.1(e)
• 103: NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 3.1(f)
• 104: NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 3.1(c)
• 105: NDIS (Supports for Participants) Rules r 3.1(d)
• 106: McCutcheon and NDIA [2015] AATA 624 at [34].
• 107: McCutcheon and NDIA [2015] AATA 624 at [34]
• 108: McCutcheon and NDIA [2015] AATA 624.

NDIS Act s"34(1)(e):

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NDIS Act s 33(5)(c).

Agency Insurance Disability National the by 1982 Act under to Freedom of Information was released document

28 March 2021 Reasonable and Necessary Supports Page 36 of 36 This

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