Protecting Intensive Early Intervention Therapies for Children Under 12 (Provider advocacy)

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Submission 398

​Submission to the​​Senate Community​

​Affairs Reference Committee​

​National Disability Insurance Scheme Amendment​

​(Securing the NDIS for Future Generations) Bill 2026​

​Angelman Syndrome Association​

​Australia​

​May 2026​

Submission 398

​Table of Contents​

​Executive​​Summary​…………………………………………………………………………………………………….​​2​

​Recommendations​……………………………………………………………………………………………………..​​2​

​About​​Angelman​​Syndrome​​Association​​Australia​…………………………………………………………..​​5​

​About​​Angelman​​Syndrome​…………………………………………………………………………………………​​5​

​Key​​Legislative​​Concerns​……………………………………………………………………………………………..​​6​

​1.​​Protecting​​People​​with​​Profound​​Disability​​from​​Unchecked​​Funding​​Changes​………….​​6​

​2.​​Disability-Related​​Health​​Supports​​and​​Communication​​Disability​……………………………​6​

​3.​​Parental​​Responsibility​……………………………………………………………………………………….​​7​

​4.​​SCCP​​Cuts​​and​​Adults​​with​​Angelman​​Syndrome​……………………………………………………​​9​

​5.​​Ministerial​​Determinations​​and​​the​​Risk​​to​​Every​​Part​​of​​a​​Participant’s​​Plan​…………..​​10​

​6.​​SIL​​Commissioning​​and​​the​​Risk​​of​​a​​One-Size-Fits-All​​Model​…………………………………​11​

​7.​​Protecting​​Intensive​​Early​​Intervention​​Therapies​​for​​Children​​Under​​12​…………………​12​

​8.​​Requirement​​to​​Exhaust​​All​​Appropriate​​Treatment​​Options​………………………………….​13​

​9.​​Functional​​Capacity​​Assessments​​Must​​Reflect​​Context​………………………………………..​​13​

​10.​​Ministerial​​Powers,​​Plan​​Renewals​​and​​Independent​​Review​……………………………….​​13​

​Conclusion​……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….​​14​

​Voices​​from​​Our​​Community​………………………………………………………………………………………​​15​

www.angelmansyndrome.org​ ​ABN 42169355488​ ​1​

Submission 398

​Executive Summary​

​Angelman Syndrome Association Australia (ASAA) welcomes the opportunity to make this submission​ ​to the​​Senate Inquiry into the National Disability​​Insurance Scheme Amendment (Securing the NDIS​ ​for Future Generations) Bill 2026​​(Bill)​.​

​ASAA is an all-volunteer registered charity representing individuals and families across Australia living​ ​with Angelman syndrome, a rare lifelong neurogenetic condition associated with severe-to- profound​ ​intellectual disability and multiple permanent impairments.​

​People living with Angelman syndrome sit squarely within the cohort the National Disability​ ​Insurance Scheme (NDIS) was designed to support:​​people​​with permanent and significant disability​ ​who require substantial, ongoing and highly individualised assistance to live safely and participate​ ​in everyday life.​

​As parents and carers of people living with Angelman syndrome, we understand the importance of a​ ​sustainable NDIS. The Scheme must remain viable for future generations. However sustainability​ ​cannot come at the expense of safety, dignity, human rights or meaningful inclusion for people with​ ​complex, profound and lifelong disability.​

​Our community is deeply concerned that aspects of the proposed legislation would shift the NDIS​ ​away from its original purpose as an individualised, rights-based scheme. For participants with​ ​complex lifelong support needs, including people with Angelman syndrome, the cumulative impact​ ​would be severe and irreversible.​

​ASAA does not support the passage of this Bill in its current form.​

​Our primary recommendation is that participants with​​profound disability​, including people living​ ​with Angelman syndrome, be protected as a cohort from Ministerial powers that could reduce​ ​funding or support ratios across whole categories of support or participants.​

​For the purposes of this submission, ASAA uses the term​​profound disability​​to describe people​ ​living with:​

​●​ ​severe-to-profound intellectual disability​ ​●​ ​disability-related health support needs​ ​●​ ​intensive behaviour support needs​ ​●​ ​severe communication disability​ ​●​ ​multiple impairments​ ​●​ ​requiring 24/7 high intensity support.​

​This cohort clearly represents the people with significant and permanent disability the NDIS was​ ​originally intended to support.​

​If that central protection is adopted, it would substantially reduce many of the risks identified in this​ ​submission. The recommendations that follow set out both the measures needed to give effect to​ ​that protection and the safeguards that should apply if it is not accepted in full.​

​Any reform to the Scheme must be risk-proportionate. For NDIS participants living with Angelman​ ​syndrome and their families, that means meaningful protections must be in place before any changes​ ​take effect.​

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Submission 398

​Recommendations​

​Recommendation 1​​is ASAA’s primary recommendation.​​If adopted, it would substantially address​ ​many of the risks identified throughout this submission.​

​The recommendations that follow​​(2-16)​​set out the protections required either to give effect to that​ ​core recommendation or, if​​Recommendation 1​​is not accepted in full, to mitigate the most serious​ ​risks for people with Angelman syndrome and others in this high-risk cohort.​

​Recommendation 1.​​Establish a protected cohort of participants with​​profound disability​,​ ​including severe-to-profound intellectual disability, disability-related health support needs,​ ​intensive behaviour support needs, severe communication disability, multiple impairments,​ ​and a need for 24/7 high-intensity support.​ ​Shield this cohort from blanket Ministerial cuts to support categories, staffing ratios or​ ​funding allocations.​

​Recommendation 2.​​Require any Ministerial rule, support​​ratio change or funding cut to​ ​undergo a specific impact assessment for participants with​​profound disability​, including​ ​rural and remote participants, before taking effect, with a carve-out where safety or​ ​wellbeing would be compromised.​

​Recommendation 3.​​Amend the Bill to make clear that​​disability-related supervision,​ ​personal care, behavioural support and therapeutic assistance for children with​​profound​ ​disability​​are not treated as ordinary parental responsibility.​

​Recommendation 4.​​Ensure the parental responsibility​​provisions do not deny, delay or​ ​reduce essential disability supports for secondary school-aged children with​​profound​ ​disability​.​

​Recommendation 5.​​Do not apply the proposed 50% SCCP cut to young people aged 13 to​ ​18 with​​profound disability​, recognising that supervised supports are often the only​ ​alternative to full-time parental care outside school hours and during holidays.​

​Recommendation 6.​​Do not apply the proposed 50% SCCP cut to adults with​​profound​ ​disability​​who require 1:1 or higher individualised support ratios to access community life​ ​safely.​

​Recommendation 7.​​Any replacement community participation model should be required to​ ​demonstrate, before existing SCCP funding is reduced, how it will safely and effectively​ ​support participants with complex behaviour support needs, severe communication​ ​disability and a need for individualised support ratios.​

​Recommendation 8.​​Exempt personal care, behaviour support, Supported Independent​ ​Living (SIL) staffing ratios and support coordination for participants with​​profound disability​ ​from standardised Ministerial reductions, unless an individual safeguarding assessment​ ​demonstrates the change is safe.​

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​Recommendation 9.​​Protect individualised SIL funding and living arrangements by ensuring​ ​no commissioning or block-funded accommodation model reduces a participant’s choice,​ ​control, safety or ability to hold providers accountable.​

​Recommendation 10.​​Ensure children with​​profound disability​​under 12 have sufficient​ ​capacity building funding to access intensive multidisciplinary therapies where clinically​ ​indicated.​

​Recommendation 11.​​Protect children under 12 with permanent neurogenetic conditions​ ​from any requirement to exhaust all treatment options before accessing the NDIS.​

​Recommendation 12.​​Exclude participation in clinical trials from the definition of “all​ ​appropriate treatment options” under proposed section 25A.​

​Recommendation 13.​​Protect disability-related health supports from standardised funding​ ​reductions and require additional safeguarding protections for participants with severe​ ​communication disability before any policy or funding change is applied to their plans.​

​Recommendation 14.​​Require functional capacity assessments for participants with​ ​profound disability to account for the role of existing supports in enabling function and not​ ​treat supported performance as baseline capacity.​

​Recommendation 15.​​Ensure all alterations to participant plans, including plan renewals,​ ​remain reviewable decisions with access to independent review through the Administrative​ ​Review Tribunal.​

​Recommendation 16.​​Subject Ministerial rule-making powers to parliamentary oversight​ ​and genuine co-design with disability communities before any new support determination​ ​takes effect.​

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Submission 398

​About Angelman Syndrome Association Australia​

​ASAA is the national peer support and advocacy organisation for individuals and families living with​ ​Angelman syndrome across Australia. The ASAA Committee is made up of parents of people living​ ​with Angelman syndrome and reflects all ages and life stages.​

​ASAA is a member of the Australian Government-funded​​Disability Representative Organisation​ ​(DRO) Consortium​​for people with intellectual disability​​and chromosomal variation, led by Down​ ​Syndrome Australia.​

​In preparing this submission, we have engaged with our Angelman syndrome community and have​ ​included their stories and reflections, with permission.​

​About Angelman Syndrome​

​Angelman syndrome is a rare neurogenetic condition associated with severe-to-profound intellectual​ ​disability and lifelong, significant impairment across all functional domains. There is currently no cure​ ​or treatment.​

​People with Angelman syndrome have little or no verbal speech, significant communication disability,​ ​marked limitations in learning, decision-making and daily living skills, and substantial motor and​ ​coordination difficulties. Many also experience severe epilepsy, gastrointestinal complications,​ ​incontinence, anxiety, sleep disorder and behavioural dysregulation.​

​A defining feature of Angelman syndrome is the need for continuous supervision and safeguarding.​ ​Many individuals have limited awareness of danger, cannot reliably communicate pain, distress or​ ​risk, and may wander, fall, self-injure, engage in pica (ingesting non-edible objects) or show other​ ​behaviours that place them at risk of serious harm. Severe sleep disturbance is common and may​ ​require active overnight support, contributing to chronic exhaustion for families and carers.​

​These needs continue across childhood and adulthood and typically require life-long coordinated​ ​multidisciplinary care, including positive behaviour support and allied health input.​

​People with Angelman syndrome typically require​​highly​​individualised, intensive 24/7​​support​​to​ ​remain safe. This includes at least 1:1 assistance with personal care, communication, mobility and​ ​community participation, as well as assistive technology for mobility, communication and daily living.​ ​Many require home modifications, and some also need vehicle modifications for access, safety and​ ​participation.​

​A multidisciplinary approach and consensus statement to establish standards of care for Angelman​ ​syndrome​​1​​, published in 2021, provides an evidence-based framework for the management of​ ​Angelman syndrome. The paper documents the complexity of care outlined within this submission.​

​Research​​2​​shows that parents of children with Angelman syndrome report very high levels of​ ​psychological distress, reflecting the cumulative impact of chronic sleep deprivation, seizure​ ​monitoring, constant supervision, intensive personal care, and challenging behaviours. The support​ ​needs of people with Angelman syndrome affect not only the individual, but also the sustainability,​ ​health and wellbeing of the entire family system.​

​1​​A multidisciplinary approach and consensus statement​​to establish standards of care for Angelman​ ​syndrome​

​2​​Psychological well-being in parents of children with​​Angelman, Cornelia de Lange and Cri du Chat​ ​syndromes​

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Submission 398

​Key Legislative Concerns​

​1.​ ​Protecting People with Profound Disability from Unchecked Funding Changes​

​Our central ask is that participants with​​profound disability​​be protected from unchecked Ministerial​ ​powers that allow funding to be reduced across entire support categories. This cohort includes​ ​people living with Angelman syndrome and it clearly reflects the group the NDIS was originally​ ​designed to support.​

​This is a minimum safeguarding requirement for participants whose safety, health, wellbeing and​ ​rights are at heightened risk if essential supports are reduced.​

​The proposed legislation gives the Minister power to implement cuts across any support category,​ ​support ratio or funding bucket without the need for additional primary legislation. The proposed​ ​50% reduction to Social, Civic and Community Participation (SCCP) budgets and 10% reduction to​ ​Capacity Building Daily Activities (CBDA), commencing 1 October 2026, is the first and most visible​ ​application of this power. But the mechanism is not limited to SCCP and could extend to personal​ ​care ratios, behaviour support funding and SIL staffing. These categories represent the parts of a plan​ ​that people with Angelman syndrome depend on for safety. The full scope of this risk is addressed in​ ​Section 5 of this submission.​

​Any blanket change that applies uniformly across the participant population will, by definition, apply​ ​to this cohort, for whom the consequences are far more than inconvenience.​​They create a genuine​ ​risk of injury, abuse, crisis or institutionalisation.​​A risk-proportionate approach to reform means​ ​protecting those with the highest vulnerability and the most complex needs first.​

​This risk is even greater for participants and families in regional, rural and remote areas, where​ ​service markets are already thin or non-existent. For these families, a funding cut may not just​ ​reduce access to a support; it may remove it altogether. Any protected cohort framework should​ ​account for this heightened vulnerability.​

​ASAA seeks urgent confirmation of amendments to the Bill so that participants with profound​ ​disability are excluded from unchecked Ministerial powers that would reduce supports in ways​ ​that compromise safety, wellbeing or dignity.​

​2.​ ​Disability-Related Health Supports and Communication Disability​

​The Angelman syndrome community asks the Committee to recognise some specific support​ ​domains as requiring protection within the legislation or associated rules:​

​●​ ​Disability-Related Health Supports​

​Many participants with Angelman syndrome require disability-specific supports arising directly from​ ​the nature of Angelman syndrome and associated impairments including:​

​●​ ​epilepsy management including emergency medication​

​●​ ​continence support including complex bowel care​

​●​ ​mealtime management including dysphagia (swallowing) support​

​●​ ​PEG feeding, dietary management, gastrostomy care​

​●​ ​ventilation support for respiratory issues.​

​Any framework that treats them as standard parental responsibility, general health responsibilities,​ ​or subjects them to standard NDIS funding cuts, will leave people without essential and sometimes​ ​life-critical support.​

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Submission 398

​●​ ​Severe Communication Disability as a Safeguarding Issue​

​The vast majority of people with Angelman syndrome have little or no verbal speech, alongside​ ​severe-to-profound intellectual disability. Many are unable to report abuse, neglect, pain, fear,​ ​distress or unsafe care, and cannot effectively advocate for themselves in planning, review or​ ​complaints processes. They depend on trusted family members, carers and skilled support workers to​ ​recognise risk, interpret communication, identify deterioration and speak on their behalf. This​ ​creates a profound safeguarding vulnerability.​

​When supports are reduced, trusted arrangements are disrupted, specialist therapies are withdrawn​ ​and oversight is weakened, the risk of serious harm increases. For this cohort, funding and policy​ ​decisions directly influence whether a person remains safe.​

​Participants with intellectual disability and severe communication disability therefore require​ ​additional protections, including individualised safeguarding assessments before any funding or​ ​policy change is applied to their plans.​

​3.​ ​Parental Responsibility​

​The new parental responsibility provisions in the Bill create distinct and serious concerns at different​ ​life stages. Those concerns differ by age group, and we address each in turn.​

​Children Under 12: Disability-Level Care Misread as Ordinary Parenting​

​The Bill sets a standard for what parents are expected to provide, including supervision, personal​ ​care, transport, emotional support, behavioural support and assistance with activities of daily living.​ ​It also requires the CEO​​not​​to approve a support whose primary purpose is to reduce parental​ ​burden below what is reasonably expected.​

​From the earliest years, parents of children with Angelman syndrome are often providing a level of​ ​care that bears no resemblance to ordinary levels of parenting. This includes:​

​•​ ​Constant supervision due to seizure risk, wandering, pica (ingesting non-edible objects) and​ ​complete lack of danger awareness​ ​•​ ​Intensive overnight support, often for years, due to severe and chronic sleep disorders​ ​causing frequent waking, extended periods of night-time wakefulness and wandering​ ​•​ ​Specialised feeding support for dysphagia management, continence and bowel care and​ ​medical management​ ​•​ ​Intensive therapy assistance and supports across speech, occupational therapy,​ ​physiotherapy and behaviour support, far exceeding what the health or education systems​ ​can provide within their standard offerings​ ​•​ ​Communication support which requires significant time, specialist knowledge and​ ​consistency across all environments. Since people with Angelman syndrome cannot speak,​ ​type, write or sign, Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) systems are often​ ​their best chance at being able to communicate.​

​None of these supports, at the level of input and intensity required, can reasonably be considered​ ​ordinary parenting responsibilities. This is documented in research​​3​​showing that parents of children​ ​with Angelman syndrome report very high levels of psychological distress associated with the care​ ​they provide.​

​3​​Psychological well-being in parents of children with​​Angelman, Cornelia de Lange and Cri du Chat​ ​syndromes​

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Submission 398

​Supports for Assistance with Daily Living (ADL) and SCCP provide essential disability-related support​ ​for people living with Angelman syndrome. They also provide much-needed respite and help parents​ ​sustain care for all of their children, and in many cases remain in paid work. Yet the proposed​ ​provisions create a legal framework in which the National Disability Insurance Agency (NDIA) must​ ​consider whether the primary purpose of a support is to reduce parental burden and decline it if that​ ​is the case.​

​We are concerned that this framing risks treating the intensive disability-related care provided by​ ​parents of children with Angelman syndrome not as an extraordinary burden arising from profound​ ​disability, but as the baseline expectation of any parent. That conflation is both unjust and​ ​inaccurate.​

​ ​Community Voice​

​“Parental responsibility for a child under 18 typically involves age-appropriate supervision and​ ​meeting basic developmental and daily needs. In contrast, X requires 24/7 active supervision,​ ​epilepsy management, complex medical and bowel care, specialised behaviour support, and​ ​supported communication.​​This is not typical parenting; it is the equivalent of delivering full-time​ ​disability and healthcare within the home.​”​

​- School Age Parent​

​Community Voice​

​“​I dream of ordinary parental responsibility every day…..​ ​Each of our tasks as carers can neatly fit into the term parental responsibility because the tasks of​ ​caring are the tasks of parenting as listed in the bill: “personal care, supervision, emotional​ ​support, transport, behavioural support”. However, the constancy, the complexity, the physical​ ​labour, and the emotional toll of the “carer” version of parenting is radically dissimilar from​ ​ordinary parenting in the intensity and extent of its demands. The expanded definitions not only​ ​risks making the caring work of parents of children with a disability invisible, but also risks failing​ ​to support children and families through moments where such extraordinary levels of parental​ ​responsibility cannot be sustained.”​

​- School Age Parent​

​Young People Aged 13 to 18: Where Parental Responsibility and SCCP Cuts Converge​

​For secondary school students with Angelman syndrome, the parental responsibility provisions and​ ​the proposed 50% SCCP cut operate together to create a compounding harm that is not present at​ ​any other life stage.​

​Unlike younger children, for whom some structured daytime supervision may exist through early​ ​education systems, secondary school students with profound disability have no equivalent. There is​ ​typically no Out of School Hours Care (OSHC), holiday program or other structured supervised option​ ​available or appropriate for this age group. In rural and remote communities, the lack of options is​ ​even more acute. This means NDIS-funded SCCP supports are often the primary mechanism through​ ​which families can access supervised care that allows their children to socialise and participate in​ ​community activities independently of their parents, as their non-disabled peers do. Without this​ ​funding, a parent must be present and provide active 1:1 care at all times outside school hours and​ ​during holidays.​

​The parental responsibility provisions increase the threshold at which the NDIA must fund​ ​disability-related care for children in this age group. The SCCP cuts simultaneously reduce the​

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​funding available for the supervised supports that currently help parents remain in employment. The​ ​combined effect will place families under significant additional pressure.​

​For many families in our community, SCCP-funded supervised support is what allows a parent to​ ​remain in the workforce. A 50% reduction in SCCP funding, combined with a legal framework that​ ​treats more of this care as the family’s responsibility, means many parents will have no viable option​ ​but to leave work.​

​The long-term consequences of forcing parents of teenagers with Angelman syndrome out of the​ ​workforce are significant. They include financial strain, reduced carer sustainability, greater reliance​ ​on crisis services, and an earlier onset of the ageing carer crisis our community already faces. ASAA​ ​also notes the government’s own analysis identifying the likely disproportionate impact on female​ ​caregivers.​

​Adults​

​While the legal concept of parental responsibility applies only to minors, in practice the NDIA often​ ​treats adults living at home as though substantial parental care can still reasonably be expected, and​ ​use assumptions about “informal support” to reduce or limit funded supports. This creates a serious​ ​concern that the Bill may reinforce or extend that reasoning for adult participants.​

​4.​ ​SCCP Cuts and Adults with Angelman Syndrome​

​The proposed 50% reduction to SCCP budgets from 1 October 2026 will have severe consequences​ ​for adults with Angelman syndrome and their families.​

​For adults with Angelman syndrome, SCCP funding is the mechanism through which they engage in​ ​physical activities and exercise, access adult services and programs, participate in community​ ​activities, skill-building and vocational programs, and maintain social connection.​

​Any significant reduction in social and community access is likely to increase social isolation, anxiety,​ ​distress and behaviours of concern, including self-injury. It may also increase reliance on psychotropic​ ​medication and restrictive practices to manage preventable deterioration.​

​For families of adults with Angelman syndrome, many of whom are ageing parents, access to SCCP​ ​supports is what makes continued employment, or any life outside full-time caring, possible. When​ ​an adult with Angelman syndrome can no longer access the community because funding or support​ ​ratios are cut below what is needed for safe support, the care does not disappear; it returns to the​ ​family.​

​Community Voice​

​“My son attends his day service where he has been developing his daily living and independence​ ​skills as well as his art skills and a potential pathway to employment.​​He does not go there to​ ​hang out. He needs 1:1 funding because he is unable to do most tasks unsupported,​​and due to​ ​his behaviours, a reduced ratio would put him at risk and prevent him from continuing to develop​ ​his skills. If he could not attend, we, his ageing parents, would need to provide full-time care, we​ ​would not be able to continue to work and our ability to participate in community activities​ ​would be significantly reduced.“​ ​- Parent of 23 year old​

​Even in group-based community programs, most adults with Angelman syndrome cannot safely​ ​participate without dedicated 1:1 support. For some participants with intensive behaviour support​ ​needs, a 2:1 ratio is required. The government has indicated that a $200 million Inclusive​ ​Communities Fund will support group-based community participation as an alternative. For many​

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​people with Angelman syndrome, however, group-based models without individualised support will​ ​remain inaccessible unless 1:1 supervision is provided to ensure safe and appropriate participation.​

​For adults with Angelman syndrome in regional, rural and remote areas, day programs and​ ​community participation providers able to meet these intensive and complex support needs are​ ​often scarce or absent. A cut that reduces already marginal funding levels for providers in these areas​ ​could end access to community life altogether, especially where there is no realistic Inclusive​ ​Communities Fund alternative within reach.​

​5.​ ​Ministerial Determinations and the Risk to Every Part of a Participant’s Plan​

​SCCP is the first scheduled cut under the proposed legislation, but it may not be the last. The Bill​ ​creates a mechanism through which the Minister can impose cuts across any support category,​ ​support ratio or funding allocation under a support determination instrument, without the need for​ ​additional primary legislation. For the Angelman syndrome community, this poses a serious risk​ ​because it means every part of a participant’s plan could be subject to future reduction. People with​ ​Angelman syndrome rely on a carefully constructed ecosystem of supports that work together.​ ​Reducing any single element does not simply trim a cost; it can destabilise the entire arrangement.​

​The disability-related supports most at risk include:​

​●​ ​Personal Care and Disability-Related Health Support​

​Many participants with Angelman syndrome require 1:1 or higher-ratio personal care for hygiene,​ ​continence and complex bowel management, feeding and dysphagia management, mobility and​ ​seizure monitoring. These are essential supports that reflect the complete dependence of many​ ​individuals on assistance for every activity of daily living. Any cut to ADL funding, or any reduction in​ ​permitted staffing ratios, could directly compromise the safety, health and dignity of participants​ ​living with Angelman syndrome. In regional, rural and remote areas, where personal care workers are​ ​already difficult to recruit and retain, funding reductions also risk undermining workforce availability.​

​●​ ​Behaviour Support​

​Intensive positive behaviour support is essential for many people with Angelman syndrome. It​ ​requires qualified practitioners, consistent implementation of strategies and regular review, and​ ​cannot be meaningfully delivered on a reduced funding allocation. Cuts to behaviour support could​ ​increase the likelihood of behavioural escalation, crisis presentations, authorised and unauthorised​ ​restrictive practices, and harm, with the consequences ultimately falling on families, emergency​ ​services and the health system. In regional, rural and remote communities, qualified behaviour​ ​support practitioners are already among the scarcest NDIS workforces. Waitlists can be long, and​ ​support may only be available by telehealth. Any funding reduction in this category could remove a​ ​service that is already scarce.​

​●​ ​Allied Health: Including Speech Therapy, Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy​

​The proposed 10% cuts to CBDA funding proposed under Ministerial Direction will directly affect​ ​access to allied health specialists. Allied health therapists support critical functions for people with​ ​Angelman syndrome, including ongoing therapeutic input to maintain and develop functional​ ​capacity and the assessments required to access assistive technology (AT). Cuts to allied health​ ​funding can create downstream barriers to AT, significantly reducing a participant’s independence,​ ​safety and quality of life. Speech therapy, for example, is central to communication development,​ ​which is directly linked to behaviour and safeguarding outcomes for people with Angelman​ ​syndrome. In rural and remote areas, allied health providers already face barriers to remaining​ ​financially viable. Reduced pricing or funding could further limit their capacity to travel to and serve​ ​these communities.​

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Submission 398

​●​ ​Supported Independent Living Ratios​

​Many adults with Angelman syndrome live in their own homes with SIL arrangements built around​ ​essential staffing ratios. These ratios reflect the genuine level of supervision and support required for​ ​the individual to live safely outside the family home. Some require a 2:1 ratio because of clinical​ ​complexity or intensive behaviour support needs, and may be assessed as unsafe or unsuitable to​ ​co-tenant. Shared support models are not always suitable for adults living with Angelman syndrome​ ​and, in regional, rural and remote settings, may not be possible at all. Families fear that funding cuts​ ​could make accommodation entirely unviable, leaving people with nowhere to live or forcing​ ​families, where they have capacity, to resume care. The consequences of SIL funding cuts are not​ ​hypothetical. Our community has already experienced them.​

​●​ ​Support Coordination​

​Because of the complexity of needs associated with Angelman syndrome, effective support​ ​coordination typically requires far more time and expertise than standard allocations allow. Cuts or​ ​caps to support coordination could leave the most complex participants and their families without​ ​the assistance they depend on, resulting in support gaps, crisis presentations and family breakdown.​ ​This is particularly serious in rural and remote areas, where support coordinators are often the only​ ​professional link between a family and the broader service system.​

​Community Voice​

​“​We already know the consequence of cuts to SIL budgets.​​Our daughter who is 35 years old​ ​moved into a SIL house four years ago with two other participants and relies on a combination of​ ​1:1 and 1:3 funding. Last year her SIL budget was cut by 25% when she received her new plan.​ ​The SIL provider then reduced supports for all participants in the house to make up the​ ​shortfall in funds, without telling families, who only found out when an incident occurred that​ ​had serious safety implications.​ ​While we fought the NDIS for a year to restore that funding, we had to regularly bring our​ ​daughter home because the SIL provider would not provide the support levels required to safely​ ​care for the three participants. We are in our 70s. We worry about what will happen to our​ ​daughter if SIL funding is cut in the future and we are no longer able to take on her care. Our​ ​story is included in Voices from Our Community section for this submission”​ ​- Parent of Adult living out of home​

​6.​ ​SIL Commissioning and the Risk of a One-Size-Fits-All Model​

​Beyond the immediate risk of SIL ratio cuts, the Angelman syndrome community is concerned about​ ​a shift to a commissioned model for SIL supports for several reasons:​

​●​ ​Loss of Choice and Control​

​A commissioned SIL model would reduce participant choice and control by shifting decision-making​ ​away from the individual and toward providers or system-level purchasing decisions, and appears to​ ​point toward more group-home style arrangements. For people with Angelman syndrome, supports​ ​cannot safely be standardised or averaged across a household because health supports,​ ​communication needs, behaviour and risk profiles are highly individual.​

​●​ ​Decisions Made Further Away From the Participant​

​The SIL community voice quoted above illustrates a risk that already exists and would be amplified​ ​under a commissioned model. When a provider’s funding is reduced or constrained, the provider​

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​makes operational decisions about how to absorb that reduction, and participants and families are​ ​not always informed. In a commissioned model, where the NDIA’s relationship is primarily with the​ ​provider rather than the individual participant, participants and their families become even further​ ​removed from decisions that directly affect the participants safety and quality of life. For people who​ ​cannot easily report unsafe care, that loss of visibility and control creates a serious safeguarding risk.​

​●​ ​Health literacy in Commissioned SIL​

​Commissioned SIL arrangements must demonstrate high levels of health literacy so providers can​ ​safely meet the intensive and complex disability-related health support needs associated with​ ​Angelman syndrome. This includes understanding seizure management, sleep disorders, mobility and​ ​communication challenges, and the interaction between behavioural and medical complexity.​ ​Without this depth of knowledge, commissioned SIL risks compromising safety, quality of care and​ ​the dignity of individuals whose needs cannot be standardised or simplified.​

​●​ ​Risk of Disruption to Existing Homes​

​Many people in SIL have long-established homes, routines and trusted support relationships. Any​ ​shift toward a commissioned or consolidated model risks disrupting these arrangements in ways that​ ​reduce stability, choice and safety. For people with Angelman syndrome, that disruption can have​ ​immediate behavioural, health and practical consequences.​

​7.​ ​Protecting Intensive Early Intervention Therapies for Children Under 12​

​Early and intensive therapy is essential for children with Angelman syndrome under 12 years of age.​ ​During this developmental window, access to speech pathology, occupational therapy, physiotherapy​ ​and positive behaviour support can meaningfully improve a child’s communication, mobility,​ ​regulation and quality of life across the lifespan. This includes funding for regular multidisciplinary​ ​therapy sessions and intensive therapy programs such as the NAPA​​4​​program. The evidence​​5​​for​ ​intensive early intervention in neurodevelopmental conditions is well established. Early investment is​ ​far more cost-effective than the lifetime cost of unmet need.​

​Intensive therapies are funded through capacity building supports, and the proposed 10% reduction​ ​to CBDA creates a risk that therapy funding during the early intervention window will be reduced. It​ ​is imperative that these cuts do not create a barrier to accessing clinically indicated therapies.​

​Community Voice​

​“My son (6yrs old) has completed 5 rounds of Intensive Therapy over the past 3 years. We live in a​ ​semi-rural area with limited access to local supports and services, meaning the options for him to​ ​receive weekly therapy are slim.​​We travel nearly 2hrs each way daily for him to participate in​ ​these Intensives​​on the Gold Coast, where he continues to work towards his goals and milestones.​

​Without regular Intensive Therapy sessions, he would not be moving independently,​ ​communicating with his family and peers, and meaningfully contributing to his school community.​ ​He completed his first Intensive at the age of 3 and has since then continued working through​ ​many more Intensives which have significantly increased his abilities.​​Abilities that would not be​ ​currently present if this option of therapy was unavailable to him at such an early age.​​If this​ ​therapy pathway is out of reach for newly diagnosed families, the consequences would be life​ ​detrimental for all concerned. It would essentially mean more services and support would be​ ​required in the long term due to the lack of early intervention.”​ ​- Parent of 6 Yr Old​

​4​​https://napacentre.com.au/​ ​5​​https://napacentre.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025_AU_Medical-Booklet_web.pdf​

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​8.​ ​Requirement to Exhaust All Appropriate Treatment Options​

​The proposed requirement in section 25A of the Bill that families demonstrate they have exhausted​ ​“all appropriate treatment options” before accessing the NDIS creates a critical risk of delay during​ ​this developmental window. For Angelman syndrome, a permanent neurogenetic condition for which​ ​there is currently no cure, this requirement is clinically unjustified. There are no treatments that will​ ​remove the underlying disability or render NDIS support unnecessary.​

​Requiring families to pursue treatment pathways before accessing the Scheme serves no clinical​ ​purpose and could cause real harm through delay. For families in rural and remote areas, this​ ​provision creates an additional injustice, because specialist paediatric services are often unavailable​ ​or subject to significant waitlists, making the expected treatments difficult or impossible to access.​

​We are also concerned that the legislation, as drafted, does not exclude participation in clinical trials​ ​from the definition of “appropriate treatment”. Research into precision medicine and targeted​ ​therapeutics for neurodevelopmental conditions continues to grow in Australia. Requiring families to​ ​participate in, or demonstrate they have considered, a clinical trial as a precondition for NDIS access​ ​would be ethically unacceptable. A clinical trial is an experimental intervention, not an established​ ​treatment. It carries inherent risks and uncertainties. Participation is a decision that belongs entirely​ ​to families. Declining to participate should never jeopardise a child’s disability support entitlements.​

​9.​ ​Functional Capacity Assessments Must Reflect Context​

​The proposed standardised functional capacity assessment framework raises concerns for our​ ​community. Functional capacity for people with Angelman syndrome cannot be meaningfully​ ​measured in isolation from the supports that are already in place.​

​A person with Angelman syndrome may appear to function safely at home because a family member​ ​is providing constant 1:1 supervision. They may appear regulated in the community because a​ ​trusted support worker who knows their communication signals is present at all times. They may​ ​appear stable because their behaviour support plan is being implemented consistently.​​Remove any​ ​of those supports and the apparent function disappears immediately.​

​There is a real risk that standardised assessments capture a participant’s supported state and​ ​misinterpret it as baseline capacity, rather than recognising that the supports themselves enable that​ ​function. For our community, this could mean assessments underestimate need, reduce funding, and​ ​remove the very supports that produced the functional outcome being measured.​

​Functional capacity assessments for participants with profound and complex disability must explicitly​ ​account for the role of existing supports in enabling function. The contextual circumstances​ ​component of the assessment should also be given equal legal weight to the standardised tool in​ ​planning decisions.​

​10.​​Ministerial Powers, Plan Renewals and Independent Review​

​The Bill expands the Minister’s power to make rules that define, limit or cut supports, including the​ ​ability to alter renewed plans without participant involvement and without those alterations being​ ​reviewable decisions.​

​For the Angelman syndrome community, and for the reasons set out throughout this submission,​ ​these powers create profound risk and uncertainty. Participants with Angelman syndrome depend on​ ​family members and carers to advocate for them, yet plans may be altered without meaningful​ ​involvement, without independent review, and in ways that permit Scheme-wide cuts to the​ ​supports they rely on to remain safe.​

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​Robust independent review through the Administrative Review Tribunal (ART) is one of the few​ ​safeguards available to families of people with Angelman syndrome when challenging unsafe or​ ​inadequate decisions. Any weakening of these rights through expanded, unchecked Ministerial​ ​powers, unreviewable plan alterations or reduced access to the ART increases the vulnerability of​ ​participants who have no other recourse.​

​Any alteration to a participant’s plan should remain a reviewable decision, and ministerial​ ​rule-making powers should be subject to meaningful parliamentary oversight and genuine co-design​ ​with disability communities before taking effect.​

​“The community is not only concerned about what is being cut now.​​It is concerned about what​ ​this legislation makes possible next.​​A mechanism that allows any support category to be reduced​ ​by Ministerial rule without primary legislation, without specific impact assessment for​ ​high-complexity participants, and without guaranteed review rights, is a mechanism that will be​ ​used again. The Angelman syndrome community cannot plan safely for the future under those​ ​conditions.”​

​Fiona Lawton - President ASAA​

​Conclusion​

​The current Bill and proposals are layered onto years of rolling reform, changing rules and repeated​ ​uncertainty from the NDIA, all of which have already placed significant pressure on families. For​ ​many in our community, confidence in the system has been seriously eroded. Families cannot safely​ ​plan for housing, work, care arrangements or their child’s long-term future when they cannot be​ ​confident that essential NDIS supports will remain in place. That uncertainty is damaging the trust in​ ​the Scheme we fought hard for and our loved ones with Angelman syndrome need.​

​ASAA urges the Committee to recommend substantial amendments to the Bill to ensure any​ ​reform to the NDIS is safe, fair, reviewable and proportionate to risk for the people who depend on​ ​it the most.​

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​Voices from Our Community​

​Early Years​

​Voice 1​ ​The plan for our 3 year old child living with Angelman syndrome (deletion) provides:​ ​1)​ ​Capacity building: Twice weekly physiotherapy, weekly hydrotherapy, weekly occupational​ ​therapy and weekly speech therapy. Our child also undertakes 1-2 intensive physiotherapy​ ​sessions per year of between 2-3 weeks.​ ​2)​ ​Consumables budget: Fluid thickeners (for dysphagia), tall ankle shoes, and orthoses​ ​3)​ ​Assistive technology: Equipment repairs​

​The following changes to the NDIS Act are of concern for our family:​ ​Requirement for a person to try ‘all appropriate treatment’ before accessing the NDIS:​​There is​ ​no clarity on the length of time or intensity such treatment would be required for, particularly for​ ​young children with speech, gross and fine motor delays where the treatment options are usually​ ​limited to early intervention therapies such as physiotherapy, occupational therapy and speech​ ​therapy (at the cost of approx $193.99/hour). It is not uncommon for children to be placed on​ ​lengthy waitlists before even accessing therapy, or to be offered therapy appointments which​ ​cannot be accepted because of a family’s conflicting commitment (e.g. work). This change has the​ ​potential to significantly disadvantage families with financial challenges or a lack of access to​ ​therapy options due to their location or family/work commitments.​

​Our family privately funded our child’s weekly physiotherapy, occupational and speech therapy for​ ​a 9 month period prior to his NDIS plan approval at 18 months (including exhausting private health​ ​insurance cover and subsidised appointments under GP Care plans via Medicare). There was no​ ​ability to be reimbursed for costs incurred for therapy undertaken prior to our child’s plan​ ​approval, and it was an extreme financial burden. We would not have been able to continue​ ​funding these costs for much longer had our child’s plan not been approved.​

​Reassessments arising only where needs or circumstances significantly change including​ ​“unanticipated changes’ for personal or environmental circumstances:​​There is no clarity on what​ ​“unanticipated” means. Our family recently decided to move from the property our child was​ ​raised in from birth because we knew that it was not suitable for him long term. Our new property​ ​is significantly more accessible, but it will likely require modifications as our child grows older (e.g.​ ​ramps for steps or bathroom renovations). Caring for someone with a lifelong disability requires​ ​carefully planned decision making on matters such as living arrangements - it is seldom​ ​“unanticipated”.​

​Our child’s need for additional support will also change and increase as he will be welcoming a​ ​sibling in 3 months. Again, it is by no means clear whether such change would be considered​ ​“unanticipated”.​

​Caps in statements of supports:​​Frequent physiotherapy,​​occupational therapy and hydrotherapy​ ​(at least weekly) has proven most beneficial for developing our child’s gross and fine motor skills.​ ​Our child also accesses speech therapy which includes regular feeding assessments, as he has​ ​dysphagia. If a decision was made to cap the amount of hours of therapy our child could access,​ ​this has the potential to place him at risk of aspiration or swallowing difficulties.​

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​Voice 2​ ​The Bill proposes additions to criterion that effectively increases the amount of support the​ ​NDIA expects families and other informal supports to provide.​

​This week, my mother broke her leg while walking down the foot path. It was an accident that​ ​could so easily have happened to any of us, but it exposed to me what a delicate tower of cards​ ​supports our son with Angelman syndrome. My mother is only one part of our informal support​ ​network, because she is also a carer for my father following his stroke.​

​Yet her small part of our support is essential: with the loss of the 3-4 hours of weekly support that​ ​she provides to our son, I now need to meet with my work to negotiate 6 months of reduced hours​ ​on what is already a part time role due to my responsibilities as a carer. This temporary loss of​ ​informal support risks my employment, my ability to contribute as a tax paying citizen, and my​ ​mental health - as my work is often the only part of my week that feels like I can achieve​ ​something beyond survival.​

​The other side of informal supports is that we are the supports for them when the tables are​ ​turned, doubling the impact of the loss of this support. As my mother is also the primary carer to​ ​my father, I now need to find the capacity to co-ordinate and provide care for both my parents​ ​along with my child with a complex disability. The changing focus of the NDIS towards more​ ​informal support networks on paper sounds logical but it is moments like this when an informal​ ​network suddenly disappears, for reasons beyond anyone’s control, that have a huge ripple effect.​ ​And while a broken leg won’t happen to every informal support network, across the lifespan of​ ​every person with a disability, informal support networks will fluctuate in their capacity.​

​For kids on the NDIS, the Bill says the NDIA must remember parents are responsible for​ ​providing a substantial amount of support for their children (something parents themselves are​ ​unlikely to forget). Because ‘substantial’ is one of those subjective words the government finds​ ​annoying right now, the Bill defines it as: personal care, supervision, emotional support,​ ​transport, behavioural support and anything else reasonable to expect given the age of the​ ​child.​

​1) Changes to “parental responsibility” (Section 34)​ ​The Bill intends to expand the definition of “parental responsibility” to include things like​ ​supervision, transport, and emotional and behavioural support. This will mean that by law, even​ ​if a child requires intensive care, the NDIS can dismiss it as “ordinary parenting duties”. We are​ ​concerned these changes could put extra pressure on parents, lock children out of the NDIS, and​ ​impact the safety and well-being of children and young people with disability.​

​I dream of ordinary parental responsibility every day. When we go to a playground and watch​ ​other families - sitting on picnic rugs, socialising together - while we are our son’s physical support​ ​for movement on the playground, his voice for communication, his constant watch dog for seizures​ ​and choking risks, and his emotional regulation strategy. We see ordinary parenting and it is so far​ ​from our lives and we are so isolated from our communities because of it. Even when we organise​ ​to spend time with people who know and love us, it is a challenge of rotating the isolation of​ ​caring between parents. We are never both able to join a conversation, a joke, a laugh – those​ ​moments that make you feel part of something.​

​Each of our tasks as carers can be neatly fit into the term parental responsibility because the tasks​ ​of caring are the tasks of parenting as listed in the bill: “personal care, supervision, emotional​ ​support, transport, behavioural support”. However, the constancy, the complexity, the physical​ ​labour, and the emotional toll of the “carer” version of parenting is radically dissimilar from​ ​ordinary parenting in the intensity and extent of its demands. The expanded definitions not only​

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​risks making the caring work of parents of children with a disability invisible, but also risks failing to​ ​support children and families through moments where such extraordinary levels of parental​ ​responsibility cannot be sustained.​

​The Disability Royal Commission recommended the creation​​of a specialist “complex disability”​ ​team (18.2, 18.3) this has not been made as a commitment as part of this Bill.​

​Our son has a very complex disability: an intellectual disability which means that he will not​ ​mentally develop past the age of 4 and is non-verbal; a physical disability, including that he cannot​ ​independently walk and cannot use cutlery to feed himself; and a neurological disability from​ ​seizures. When speaking to staff at the NDIA they have not demonstrated an understanding to the​ ​complexity of our son’s need. One of the NDIA staff members told me that we were “lucky to even​ ​get an iPad” as if we were using it to play games and watch movies instead of starting a very long,​ ​complex and emotionally challenging journey to trying to give our son the ability to communicate​ ​with the world. To be told we were “lucky” was a slap in the face and demonstrated how little the​ ​staff understood the complexities of raising a child with a complex disability. Having a team​ ​dedicated to those people whose lives have so many challenges and impairments, as​ ​recommended by the royal commission will ensure that services are effectively and efficiently​ ​delivered, and that families will not be left to educate NDIA staff on top of the other demand on​ ​their labour.​

​2) Requiring families to exhaust “all available treatment options” (Section 25A)​

​To get onto the NDIS, the new rules proposed in the Bill say you must prove you have tried “all​ ​appropriate treatments” first. It does not consider factors like financial strain or where you live.​

​I have lived in regional communities for most my adult life. Those towns and the jobs that I held in​ ​them were essential to the Australian economy – the export of grain, iron ore and gas, tourism and​ ​environmental protection. I am privileged enough that my work and family circumstances allow​ ​me to live in the city to access the services and supports that my son needs. However, there are so​ ​many families in our community that through personal circumstances cannot make this move, and​ ​if forced to move to access treatments, their skills, knowledge and contributions to the small​ ​communities that are the backbone of this country are lost.​

​The literature is clear about the importance on early intervention and the long term benefit to the​ ​individual and impact on their ongoing support needs – this need to prove that a child is disabled​ ​enough puts that early intervention at risk. How will regional people and families that cannot​ ​readily access the facilities and treatments provided in cities how do they demonstrate that they​ ​have tried “all appropriate treatments” first? It is unfair to require regional families to outlay huge​ ​financial costs for private services or remain on ever growing regional waitlists until they can​ ​access the supports that their child with a disability needs. Without considering the context in​ ​which treatment is able to be identified, referred and accessed, the policy will entrench inequity.​

​Section 34A/ 45C the minister can cut funding for any group of participants by up to 99%, with​ ​no appeal process and can be made by the minister with immediate effect and no need for​ ​public notification. Section 33 2ea Minister can set maximum amount of funding, maximum​ ​intensity, maximum worker to participant ratio can be cut by the minister. Only restriction​ ​placed on these changes are “participant safety”​

​There is a great danger in giving a single individual the delegation to make such sweeping and​ ​large-scale changes without the oversight of the whole parliamentary system. This bill will give a​ ​level of power to one person which we would never allow to apply to our general community. Why​ ​is it allowable for people with a disability?​

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​In addition, allowing changes to be made without public notification and separately to individual’s​ ​plans makes it impossible for individuals to stay on top of any changes. This added level of​ ​oversight and labour given either to a person with a disability or their carers will add a ongoing​ ​burden. The immediate effect of changes will also increase the likelihood of people inadvertently​ ​spending funding “illegally” despite it being listed in their plans.​

​Cannot appeal for a plan review for a change of circumstances unless that change is​ ​unanticipated.​

​This current change in the bill leaves unanticipated change as an extremely ambiguous and up to​ ​interpretation.​

​Individuals with complex disabilities like Angelman Syndrome, and in particular children and youth,​ ​have rapid changes to their capacity and their support needs. If the NDIS is issuing plans for​ ​periods of up to 5 years but will only make changes based on significant and unanticipated​ ​unplanned events, how do individuals and families appeal for changes in supports? The impact​ ​from events can unfold over time in unforeseen ways, challenging what ‘unanticipated’ might​ ​mean. For example, a child leaving school is an anticipated change but it is a significant change​ ​with major adjustments needed to their supports. If leaving school occurs in the middle of a 5 year​ ​funding period, will there be a pathway to request changes in their supports? The uncertainty and​ ​inflexibility of this change does not centre the rights and needs of people with disabilities.​

​School Years​

​Voice 1​ ​Our son X is 7 years old and has extremely high support needs. He needs​​1:1 assistance from​​a​ ​familiar adult who has been trained in all the complex details of his care​, which includes:​ ​-​ ​Manual handling: X is unable to sit up independently, let alone crawl or walk. He can walk​ ​with assistance and uses a manual wheelchair and walker to mobilise with adult support.​ ​-​ ​Feeding: he is tube fed and requires all nutrition, hydration and medication to be​ ​administered via his PEG.​ ​-​ ​Self-care: toileting and continence aides, washing etc (bathing requires 2:1 manual​ ​handling to safely access bath/shower).​ ​-​ ​Communication: he is beginning to use a low-tech device (PODD book) and high-tech​ ​(eye-gaze) device. Without it, his only independent communication is to shake his head​ ​“no” and sign “more”; even this requires sustained attention from an adult familiar with​ ​his approximation of these gestures.​ ​-​ ​Complex equipment: the adult must be trained to safely and effectively use X’s wheelchair,​ ​walker, frame runner, standing frame, adaptive car seat, orthotics, hi-lo chair, hi-lo bed,​ ​feeding pump, eye-gaze communication device, PODD communication book, commode​ ​-​ ​Complex health needs: preparing and administering medications including rescue​ ​medications as required for his epilepsy, and care of PEG site. He has emerging scoliosis​ ​and requires postural supports and orthotics.​ ​-​ ​Behavioural needs: X is not able to assess risk and will unknowingly place himself in​ ​danger (eg walking onto a busy road in his walker). His sensory seeking needs can also put​ ​him at risk (eg his need for oral stimulation can lead to choking on or swallowing small​ ​objects).​

​It is unreasonable and unrealistic to consider this level of care to be parental responsibility or​ ​within the substantial supports expected of a parent.​​It should go without saying that this is​ ​beyond the care needs of a newborn, let alone a seven-year-old boy. X has two younger sisters,​

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​aged two and four, also requiring a high level of supervision. Previously a teacher in a school​ ​leadership role, I have been reduced to minimal casual employment due to X’s care needs. On top​ ​of working and managing the household and a family of five, we need to make time to attend X’s​ ​medical and therapy appointments. We also have the additional demands of X’s​​indirect care:​ ​duties that continue when he is not physically in our care.​​These include managing his NDIS​ ​supports and plan reviews, paying and claiming invoices, maintaining and trialling equipment,​ ​scheduling and preparing for appointments, communicating with therapists and much, much​ ​more. This adds up to 6-10 hours per week, the equivalent of a full working day per week on​ ​average.​

​It is unreasonable and unrealistic to attribute X’s care needs to informal supports such as​ ​grandparents or friends, as the adult must be trained and up-to-date in all aspects of his care. Care​ ​at this level of complexity, subject to frequent change, requires near-daily practice to maintain​ ​skills and familiarity, and informal supports are not available to that extent. We already rely heavily​ ​on them to care for X’s younger sisters while we take him to therapy and medical appointments;​ ​our relatives don’t have capacity to act as a regular support worker as well.​

​If support worker funding is reduced under the guise of parents providing ‘substantial support’ for​ ​their children as part of ‘parental responsbility’, the impact on our whole family would be​ ​significant and far-reaching.​​I would cease to work​​at all and lose my registration as a teacher. His​ ​sisters would have less time and attention from more stressed parents while we tried to meet X’s​ ​basic care needs and keep him safe. X would spend many hours in his wheelchair, forced to​ ​entertain himself with a toy or a screen, because how can he have the 1:1 support he needs from​ ​one parent who is also managing two other young children, a household and the ongoing​ ​demands of X’s indirect care?​

​His hard-won progress in motor skills would decline and his scoliosis would worsen because he​ ​wouldn’t get the exercise, changes in posture and mobility he needs. He would lose his voice,​ ​because he can’t communicate without 1:1 attention from a familiar adult. Without the ability to​ ​talk, he would resort to problem behaviours in an effort to gain attention and communicate his​ ​needs. These consequences would reduce his quality of life and independence, slow his​ ​development, negatively impact his health and place further stress on our family as a whole. They​ ​would also increase the financial cost of X’s care long-term, on both the NDIS and the health​ ​system.​

​If Social, Civic and Community Participation budgets are cut to 50% across all participants, X and​ ​by extension, our whole family, will be virtually unable to leave the house or socialise.​​We cannot​ ​safely go out into the community without a familiar trained adult meeting X’s 1:1 care needs and​ ​another adult caring for his younger sisters. How can one adult support X with his communication,​ ​manual handling, toileting, tube feeding and behaviours while also supervising two- and​ ​four-year-old children? This means that if one parent is at work or unavailable, we cannot socialise​ ​and R cannot access the community at all.​

​X relies on visiting parks and playgrounds to walk in his walker because we live on a steep block in​ ​hilly neighbourhood and can’t do this at home; without a support worker, he will have to stay​ ​home, losing the limited mobility, strength and balance we’ve worked so hard to progress. X loves​ ​water and the pool is a motivating environment for him to build motor skills but we won’t be able​ ​to go there safely without a support worker. Playdates, catch ups and birthday parties will become​ ​impossible for us unless both parents are available. Please don’t dismiss these social experiences​ ​as optional extras: everyone needs human connection, the support of ongoing relationships and​ ​recreation. A seven-year-old boy should be playing in playgrounds, visiting friends, going to​

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​birthday parties and swimming at the pool. I shouldn’t have to justify it on the grounds of his​ ​physiotherapy.​ ​These cuts would affect our whole family. Even now, we are excluded from so many typical​ ​experiences and activities due to X’s high needs. As his parents, our mental health has already​ ​suffered from the loneliness and anxiety this creates. His sisters have a more limited social life and​ ​miss out on extra-curricular activities compared to their peers because of the pressures X’s​ ​disability puts on our family.​

​Sweeping cuts across all participants are not advisable, reasonable or even safe. They do not​ ​consider individual needs or the impact of removing these supports.​

​Voice 2​ ​I live in Melbourne with my husband and our three children, including our daughter X(8), who lives​ ​with Angelman Syndrome (AS). My husband and I both work full-time including 2-3 in office days.​

​X’s current NDIS plan ~$125k funds her daily care, supervised community access (approximately​ ​16 hours per week), therapy (occupational therapy, physiotherapy, speech), behaviour support,​ ​and assistive technology. These supports are essential. They enable her to remain safe, maintain​ ​her functional abilities, and participate in the community, while allowing us to continue caring for​ ​her at home and remain in the workforce.​

​Angelman Syndrome is a rare, lifelong neurological condition causing profound impairment across​ ​communication, cognition, mobility, and self-care. X is non-verbal, has severe intellectual disability,​ ​requires constant 1:1 supervision, and lives with epilepsy, significant sleep disturbance, ataxia, and​ ​behaviours of concern. She also has complex medical needs, including allergies, G6PD deficiency,​ ​and ongoing surgical and bowel care needs. Her care is constant, skilled, and extends far beyond​ ​reasonable parental responsibility.​

​Parental responsibility for a child under 18 typically involves age-appropriate supervision and​ ​meeting basic developmental and daily needs. In contrast, X requires 24/7 active supervision,​ ​epilepsy management, complex medical and bowel care, specialised behaviour support, and​ ​supported communication. This is not typical parenting; it is the equivalent of delivering full-time​ ​disability and healthcare within the home.​

​Our daily life reflects this intensity. Nights are frequently interrupted, with hours of active​ ​supervision, and each day requires full physical assistance for all aspects of X’s care while we​ ​manage our other children and maintain full-time employment. She cannot safely participate in​ ​any environment without direct supervision, meaning every activity requires planning,​ ​coordination, and often more than one adult. There is no downtime. Our capacity to sustain this​ ​level of care is entirely dependent on the supports provided through the NDIS.​

​The proposed legislative changes raise serious concerns. Provisions allowing the Minister to make​ ​unilateral decisions regarding funding, including applying caps or reductions across categories or​ ​groups of participants, represent a shift away from individualised, needs-based funding. This​ ​creates a real risk that decisions affecting X’s safety and wellbeing will be made at a system level,​ ​rather than based on her individual needs and clinical evidence.​

​This is particularly concerning given that Angelman Syndrome is a spectrum condition. There is​ ​significant variability in complexity, behaviour, mobility, and supervision needs, and there is no​ ​“average” presentation that can safely determine funding. Standardised caps or cohort-based​

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​models risk underfunding those with the highest needs, including children like R who require​ ​intensive, constant support.​

​A shift toward funding based on scheme sustainability rather than actual need also presents​ ​immediate risk. If supports are reduced or capped, X will experience regression in communication,​ ​mobility, and daily living skills. Reduced support hours will increase risks of injury, unmanaged​ ​seizures, choking incidents, and behavioural escalation. It will also significantly limit her ability to​ ​access the community safely, leading to increased social isolation, reduced opportunities for​ ​interaction and skill development, and diminished quality of life. Without adequate behaviour​ ​support, there is an increased likelihood of distress, unsafe behaviours, and reliance on reactive​ ​rather than evidence-based approaches.​

​These risks do not disappear if funding is reduced, they are amplified, increasing the pressure on​ ​families already managing complex care. Without adequate supports, the burden becomes​ ​unsustainable, impacting our ability to remain employed, support our other children, and maintain​ ​our health where we have already noted deterioration with back injuries and hypertension​ ​requiring medication. This also creates a widening financial gap over time. Many primary carers​ ​are women who reduce work hours or exit the workforce due to caring demands, resulting in​ ​reduced lifetime earnings, lower superannuation, and an inability to secure a financially viable​ ​retirement. For families already carrying the lifelong responsibility of disability care, this​ ​compounds both immediate and long-term risk.​

​Without appropriate supports, this trajectory leads to burnout, crisis, and increased reliance on​ ​higher-cost systems such as hospitalisation or out-of-home care. NDIS supports are not a​ ​convenience—they are essential to maintaining safety, dignity, and sustainable care in the home.​ ​X’s needs will not reduce if supports are capped or cut, what will change is our ability to safely​ ​meet them. The current system allows us to provide stable care while contributing to the​ ​workforce and community. Any move away from individualised, adequately funded support risks​ ​not only X’s wellbeing, but the long-term financial and social sustainability of families like ours.​

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​Voice 3​ ​I am writing as a terrified and exhausted mother. My nine-year-old son lives with Angelman​ ​Syndrome. He is non-verbal, experiences daily refractory seizures, requires PEG tube feeding on a​ ​prescribed ketogenic diet, has no safety awareness and needs 24/7 1:1 direct physical care to stay​ ​alive.​

​When I look at the proposed 2026 NDIS Bill, I don’t see “sustainability.” I see rules that will break​ ​my family and strip away my son’s safety.​

​“Parental responsibility” does not equal 24/7 life support. The Bill assumes I should absorb his care​ ​as ordinary parenting because he is nine. Managing daily seizures, full hygiene needs, and​ ​measuring stomach-tube fluids is not a standard maternal duty. It is highly specialised care that​ ​requires support beyond me.​

​Standard “cohort” caps will leave my family housebound (and many others). He cannot safely step​ ​outside our front door without 1:1 trained support. Cutting this funding means zero community​ ​access, trapping our entire household, including his siblings, at home and completely isolating us​ ​from society.​

​Wiping unspent funds penalises families for waitlists. The Bill proposes wiping unspent money​ ​every 12 months. In 2023, we were approved for a wheelchair car modification, but it took two​ ​years to complete due to provider waitlists. High-end equipment and modifications do not happen​ ​in 12 months. Unspent funds should not be removed for supply issues beyond our control.​ ​Removing self-management is a threat to my son’s life. I choose to self-manage so I can hand-pick​ ​and train workers who know my son’s unique seizure triggers and communication cues. If forced​ ​onto an agency list with a rotating door of unfamiliar faces, issues will certainly arise. In our house,​ ​a missed seizure cue or a botched PEG feed is a direct threat to his life.​

​If the Bill is passed, the care gap won’t magically disappear, it will fall entirely on me. I will have no​ ​choice but to quit my job as a professional nurse to keep my son alive. The government won’t save​ ​money; it will just shift the cost directly onto Centrelink services and the state health system when​ ​burnt-out parents collapse and life-threatening errors happen.​

​I beg the Committee to look at the human faces behind these clauses. Please protect the flexible,​ ​individualised funding our children genuinely need to survive.​

​Young Adult​

​We are the 60+ year old parents of a wonderful 23yr old young man with Angelman Syndrome, a​ ​permanent, lifelong disability that affects every area of his functioning. He requires intensive 24/7​ ​support and supervision as he cannot be left alone. He is physically strong, about 180cm tall, and​ ​needs familiar people around him to support him in managing new experiences and who​ ​understand his complex communication, physical and sensory needs. He uses a walker to get out​ ​and about in the community but requires hands-on assistance from a support worker to help him​ ​steer it and keep him and others safe.​

​He attends a day service for 6.5 hours a day, 5 days a week where he is supported 1:1 by trusted​ ​support workers. He does not just hang out at day service, he spends his days developing new​ ​skills, experiencing different activities both at the centre and in the community, and doing​ ​exercise. He is currently exploring real options for employment, something we never thought​

www.angelmansyndrome.org​ ​ABN 42169355488​ ​22​

Submission 398

​possible, as government funded disability job programs would not consider him employable. Day​ ​service provides him with a structured routine and meaningful activities that benefit his​ ​wellbeing. Day service is a group setting but most of the activities he does there would not be​ ​possible or accessible without 1:1 support due to his significant support needs.​

​His day service is funded through his NDIS-SCCP funding. The proposed 50% cut to SCCP funding​ ​would significantly impact his well being and functional capacity. It would affect our lives too. It​ ​would not be safe for him to attend without 1:1 support meaning he would have to cut his day​ ​service hours in half and stay home. We would then have to adapt our lives to cover those hours.​ ​We wonder how on earth this would work if he was already living out of home and we were not​ ​there to care for him..​

​Our son also has SDA and SIL funding in his plan. We have been exploring SDA options and a​ ​transition plan for him over the past few years based on the funding level he received. We know​ ​that this is going to be a challenging time for both him and us, but we know it is important to​ ​undertake it when we still can so he will be set up for when we are no longer here.​

​A few months ago we were given the opportunity of having an SDA home purpose built for him.​ ​The opportunity required us to make some major commitments, which a year or two ago we​ ​would not have hesitated to take on. However, while this opportunity was ideal in so many ways​ ​we could not commit as the NDIS landscape has been so volatile and unstable. We no longer​ ​trusted that planning for our son’s future based on the funding the NDIS had assessed and​ ​approved him for, would not be cut in the future. If we transitioned him and his funding got cut​ ​he would likely have to move into a group home setting and/or his life would be at risk. The plans​ ​and dreams that we had for him to be safely supported out of home, which we thought were​ ​shared by the NDIS, were now too uncertain to risk. It was a very emotional time for us and we​ ​now feel we have to wait and see, while we get older and older, before we even think of moving​ ​him out. The uncertainty has been crippling.​

​Adult (Out of home)​

www.angelmansyndrome.org​ ​ABN 42169355488​ ​23​

Submission 398

​Our daughter moved into a SIL residence four years ago. Initially the funding she received was​ ​inadequate for her needs and after going to the AAT (as it was at the time), she received​ ​appropriate levels of funding. This was a combination of 1:1 and 1:3 funding with an inactive​ ​overnight support. In January 2025 this funding was slashed by 25% in a new plan.​

​The SIL provider then reduced supports for all participants in the house to make up the shortfall in​ ​funds, without telling families, who only found out when a major mealtime incident occurred. The​ ​staffing ratio for dinnertime was reduced to 1:3 in a situation where the three participants all have​ ​mealtime management plans and are choking risks. One participant is blind and requires feeding​ ​by staff. SIL staff often stayed over this mealtime without pay as they understood the severity of​ ​the situation.​

​While we fought the NDIS over more than 12 months to restore that funding, we often brought​ ​our daughter home for weekends and took her on holidays with us. This was because the SIL​ ​provider could not provide the support levels required to safely care for three participants.​ ​Eventually some roster changes improved the mealtime situation but made morning care more​ ​difficult. After more than 12 months, an updated Functional Capacity Assessment and a change of​ ​circumstances review, her funding was restored to previous levels with an increase in 1:1 support​ ​hours as well. As we are in our 70s and have no family living nearby, we worry about what could​ ​happen to our daughter if SIL funding is cut in the future and we are no longer able or alive to take​ ​on some of her care.​

​At the same time, in January 2025, her SCCP support ratio was cut from 1:1 to 1:2. The providers​ ​she uses and others we approached only offered 1:1 or 1:3. One provider trialled a 1:3 placement​ ​but was unable to take her permanently due to safety concerns for our daughter and the other​ ​participants. We were forced to take our daughter on holidays with us and bring her home on​ ​public holidays so that the available funds would last for the funding period. Once again, the 1:1​ ​levels were restored after the Change of Circumstances review.​

​If this funding is cut in the future the outcome would seriously reduce our daughter’s ability to​ ​actively participate in the community, forcing her into a centre where there are no activities​ ​suitable for her. Reduced mobility would also lead to health problems as she ages. This is not a​ ​desirable outcome for her.​

www.angelmansyndrome.org​ ​ABN 42169355488​ ​24​